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Res. 13129-2022 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 10/06/2022
OutcomeResultado
The amparo is granted and the Municipality of Puriscal and SINAC are ordered to coordinate and carry out actions to remedy the environmental damage and land instability caused by a tire wall in a protected area, within one year.Se declara con lugar el amparo y se ordena a la Municipalidad de Puriscal y al SINAC coordinar y ejecutar acciones para solucionar el daño ambiental y la inestabilidad de terrenos causados por un muro de llantas en área de protección, en el plazo de un año.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber granted an amparo filed by residents of Puriscal against the Municipality of Puriscal and SINAC. The complainants reported the construction of a tire wall within the protected area of a stream and riverbed, causing environmental damage, water diversion, and land instability, which endangered their homes and the physical integrity of two elderly disabled applicants. The Chamber found that both institutions had been aware of the problem since 2020, conducted inspections confirming the encroachment and damage, and even referred the matter to the Prosecutor's Office, yet failed to take effective action or coordinate properly. It ordered the respondent authorities to coordinate, implement necessary measures, and carry out works to definitively resolve the issue within one year, with warning of penalties under the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law.La Sala Constitucional declara con lugar un recurso de amparo presentado por vecinos de Puriscal contra la Municipalidad de Puriscal y el SINAC. Los recurrentes denunciaron la construcción de un muro de llantas dentro del área de protección de una quebrada y el cauce de un río, lo que generó daño ambiental, desviación de corrientes de agua e inestabilidad del terreno, poniendo en riesgo sus viviendas y la integridad física de los amparados, dos de los cuales son adultos mayores con discapacidad. La Sala comprobó que ambas instituciones conocían la problemática desde 2020, realizaron inspecciones que confirmaron la invasión y el daño, e incluso remitieron el caso a la Fiscalía; sin embargo, no adoptaron medidas efectivas para solucionar la situación ni coordinaron adecuadamente sus actuaciones. Se ordena a las autoridades recurridas coordinar, ejecutar acciones y realizar las obras necesarias para resolver definitivamente el problema en el plazo máximo de un año, bajo apercibimiento de las sanciones previstas en la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.
Key excerptExtracto clave
In light of the foregoing, this Constitutional Court verifies the violation of the fundamental rights of the protected party by both SINAC and the Municipality of Puriscal. (...) In sum, even though in the sub iudice it is verified that the respondent authorities have carried out a series of actions related to the abovementioned complaints filed by the petitioner [Name 001], it is no less true that in this case it has not been demonstrated that the problems referred to in complaints ACC-OSRP-354-18 of September 28, 2020, and no. [Value 005] of May 6, 2021, have been addressed and corrected. However, it should be noted that from the record it is clear that the solution to the accused problem must come from joint work between the respondent parties, which must be swift, in order to protect the life and physical integrity of the protected persons, as well as the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. Ergo, it is appropriate to grant the appeal in the terms set forth in the operative part of this ruling.En virtud de lo expuesto, este Tribunal Constitucional verifica la lesión a los derechos fundamentales de la parte tutelada tanto por parte del SINAC como de la Municipalidad de Puriscal. (…) En suma, aun cuando en el sub iudice se verifica que las autoridades recurridas han llevado a cabo una serie de acciones relacionadas con las denuncias supramencionadas planteadas por el recurrente [Nombre 001], no menos cierto es que en la especie no se tiene por demostrado que las problemáticas a las que se hizo mención en las denuncias ACC-OSRP-354-18 del 28 de setiembre de 2020 y n.° [Valor 005] del 6 de mayo de 2021 hayan sido atendidas y corregidas. Ahora bien, cabe resaltar que de los autos se desprende que la solución al problema acusado debe provenir de una labor conjunta entre las partes accionadas, la cual debe ser célere, a fin de proteger la vida e integridad física de las personas tuteladas, así como el derecho al ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. Ergo, lo procedente es acoger el recurso en los términos establecidos en la parte dispositiva de este pronunciamiento.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Las obras denunciadas se ubican en áreas de protección, en campo se pudo determinar están afectadas por los Artículos 33, 34 y 58 de la Ley Forestal No. 7575."
"The reported works are located in protected areas; it was determined in the field that they are affected by Articles 33, 34 and 58 of Forestry Law No. 7575."
Informe de inspección de campo SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1440-2020, Hecho probado f)
"Las obras denunciadas se ubican en áreas de protección, en campo se pudo determinar están afectadas por los Artículos 33, 34 y 58 de la Ley Forestal No. 7575."
Informe de inspección de campo SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1440-2020, Hecho probado f)
"Existe la invasión de 390 m2 al área de protección de una quebrada, según el SINIGIRH, al margen derecho aguas abajo. En dicha invasión se pudo identificar al menos 13 llantas de hule..."
"There is an encroachment of 390 m2 on the protected area of a stream, according to SINIGIRH, on the right bank downstream. In said encroachment at least 13 rubber tires were identified..."
Informe SINAC-ACC-OP-of-653-2021, Hecho probado k)
"Existe la invasión de 390 m2 al área de protección de una quebrada, según el SINIGIRH, al margen derecho aguas abajo. En dicha invasión se pudo identificar al menos 13 llantas de hule..."
Informe SINAC-ACC-OP-of-653-2021, Hecho probado k)
"la solución al problema acusado debe provenir de una labor conjunta entre las partes accionadas, la cual debe ser célere, a fin de proteger la vida e integridad física de las personas tuteladas, así como el derecho al ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado."
"the solution to the accused problem must come from joint work between the respondent parties, which must be swift, in order to protect the life and physical integrity of the protected persons, as well as the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment."
Considerando V
"la solución al problema acusado debe provenir de una labor conjunta entre las partes accionadas, la cual debe ser célere, a fin de proteger la vida e integridad física de las personas tuteladas, así como el derecho al ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado."
Considerando V
Full documentDocumento completo
Constitutional Chamber Case File: 22-007828-0007-CO Type of Matter: Amparo appeal Judgment with Dissenting Vote Judgment with Separate Note Relevance Indicators Relevant Judgment Judgment with protected data, in accordance with current regulations Content of Interest:
Strategic Topics: Environmental Type of content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
CONSTRUCTION.
013129-22. ENVIRONMENT. THE MAYOR OF PURISCAL AND THE ACTING HEAD OF THE SUBREGIONAL OFFICE OF PURISCAL OF THE CENTRAL CONSERVATION AREA OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF CONSERVATION AREAS, AS WELL AS WHOEVER HOLDS THE POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF THE CENTRAL CONSERVATION AREA OF SINAC, ARE ORDERED TO COORDINATE WHAT IS NECESSARY, EXECUTE THE PERTINENT ACTIONS, AND PERFORM THE WORKS THAT CORRESPOND WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THEIR COMPETENCIES, SO THAT, WITHIN A MAXIMUM PERIOD OF ONE YEAR, COUNTED FROM THE NOTIFICATION OF THIS JUDGMENT, THE PROBLEM REPORTED BY THE APPELLING PARTY RELATED TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A TIRE WALL WITHIN A PROTECTION AREA, WHICH HAS GENERATED INSTABILITY IN THE LANDS NEAR THE RIVER, INCLUDING THE HOUSES INHABITED BY THE PROTECTED PERSONS, IS RESOLVED.
"(...) By virtue of the foregoing, this Constitutional Court verifies the violation of the fundamental rights of the protected party by both SINAC and the Municipality of Puriscal.
(...)
In sum, even though in the sub iudice it is verified that the respondent authorities have carried out a series of actions related to the aforementioned complaints filed by the appellant [Name 001], it is no less true that in this case it is not demonstrated that the issues mentioned in complaints ACC-OSRP-354-18 of September 28, 2020 and No. [Value 005] of May 6, 2021 have been addressed and corrected. However, it should be noted that it is clear from the case file that the solution to the denounced problem must come from joint work between the respondent parties, which must be expeditious, in order to protect the life and physical integrity of the protected persons, as well as the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. Ergo, the appropriate action is to grant the appeal under the terms established in the operative part of this pronouncement. (...)" VCG07/2022 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of content: Separate Note Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
CONSTRUCTION.
In principle, I consider that cases related to the inactivity of the Public Administration in the repair, construction, modification, or demolition of any infrastructure work should be dismissed, as such omission constitutes a matter of legality, whose discussion corresponds to the ordinary jurisdiction, before which the interested person can debate their disagreements with greater breadth. However, when some violation of other fundamental rights protected in this constitutional jurisdiction derives from that omitted administrative conduct, or vulnerable groups are affected, I do proceed to hear the merits of the matter, as this situation constitutes an exception to my position on this subject, as occurs in this amparo, in which the appellant alleges material and environmental damages due to alterations in the course of a river, which puts homes and properties, as well as their occupants, at risk, some of whom are alleged to be older adults with visual and mobility disabilities, thereby endangering the physical integrity and health of the community's neighbors.
VCG07/2022 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of content: Dissenting Vote Branch of Law: 6. CONSTITUTIONAL JURISDICTION LAW ANNOTATED WITH JURISPRUDENCE Topic: 056- Execution of judgments Subtopics:
NOT APPLICABLE.
Although I concur with the majority of the Chamber that the appeal should be granted, I disagree on where to place the execution phase of the matter, due to the lack of adequate mechanisms provided for by the regulations governing this constitutional jurisdiction to follow up on a judgment that involves highly complex technical aspects, as in this case, so that the problem of the invasion of approximately 390 square meters into the protection area of a stream (quebrada) in Barrio Corazón de María in Puriscal with the construction of a tire wall, the object of this amparo appeal, is definitively resolved. Instead, the provisions of the Contentious-Administrative Procedure Code regarding execution (Article 155 and following) have clear advantages, such as the possibility of requesting schedules, imposing fines, establishing responsibilities, monitoring compliance stages, etc. Therefore, in accordance with the provisions of Article 56 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law, I believe that the execution phase must be carried out before the Execution Area of the Contentious Administrative and Civil Court of the Treasury, under the rules for judgment execution of said Code.
VCG07/2022 ... See more *220078280007CO* CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours twenty minutes on June tenth, two thousand twenty-two.
Amparo appeal processed under case file number 22-007828-0007-CO, filed by [Name 001], identity card [Value 001], on behalf of [Name 002], identity card [Value 002] and [Name 003], against the MUNICIPALITY OF PURISCAL and the NATIONAL SYSTEM OF CONSERVATION AREAS (SINAC).
Whereas:
Prepared by Justice Fernández Acuña; and,
Considering:
Given that the director of the Central Conservation Area of SINAC omitted to render the requested report within the period established in Article 45 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law, the appeal is resolved based on the other documents and evidence contained in the case file. II.- OBJECT OF THE APPEAL. The appellant states having filed actions before SINAC and the Municipality of Puriscal regarding the invasion of a protection area of a stream (quebrada) and the existence of tires in that place, which causes not only environmental damage, but has also generated the diversion of the riverbed towards the properties inhabited by the protected persons, whose stability is at risk. They clarify that the problem described is aggravated because the protected party [Name 002] is a blind older adult and the protected party [Name 003] is an older adult who uses a wheelchair. III.- PROVEN FACTS.
Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven, either because they have been credited as such or because the respondent authority omitted to refer to them, as provided in the initial order: a) The protected party [Name 003] is an older adult person aged 87 years. (See the website of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal). b) The protected party [Name 002] is an older adult person aged 67 years. (See the website of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal). c) The protected parties reside in properties SJ 1855901-2015 and SJ 1926718-2016. (Uncontroverted fact). d) On September 28, 2020, the protected party [Name 001] filed a complaint with SINAC, stating that in Barrio Corazón de María, 200 meters south of the grotto, before the bridge, there is a little stream with a pile of tires that could cause flooding on his land. This action was assigned file ACC-OSRP-354-18.
(See documentary evidence). e) On November 4, 2020, MINAE officials carried out an inspection related to file ACC-OSRP-354-18. (See documentary evidence). f) In the field inspection report SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1440-2020 of November 4, 2020, related to file ACC-OSRP-354-18, the following was recorded: "(...) III. CONCLUSIONS According to the inspection carried out by Mr. [Name 007] and the undersigned, acts contrary to the provisions of environmental regulations were identified, specifically the construction of a tire wall in the protection area of a stream (quebrada) and spring (naciente), this on property apparently belonging to Mr. [Name 005] (...) The reported works are located in protection areas; it was determined in the field that they are affected by Articles 33, 34 and 58 of Forest Law No. 7575. IV. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended to send the respective report of facts to the relevant authorities, since upon arriving at the site of the reported event, the environmental damage apparently committed by Mr. [Name 005] is confirmed.
That the municipality pronounce itself regarding the cadastral information of the property in question under coordinate 464874-E 1088283 N. To adhere to the binding legislation developed in this report" (bold added). (See documentary evidence). g) On November 5, 2020, a MINAE official sent report SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1452-2020 to the Prosecutor's Office of Puriscal, in which it was indicated that [Name 005] could be responsible for the commission of an invasion offense. This action was assigned case file [Value 004]. (See documentary evidence). h) On December 22, 2020, the Urban Development Unit of the Municipality of Puriscal carried out an "Inspection Report/Assessments for Threats" for a landslide reported by [Name 005] on the farm with real folio 657085-000. In this report, the following was recorded: "Description of what was observed and what was stated by the affected party: A vertical movement of the land is visualised due to poor water channelling and proximity to a stream (quebrada).
Recommendations to other institutions and to the affected party: Visit by the geologist from CNE to issue recommendations to the owner on slope stabilization and correct water channelling" (highlighted). (See documentary evidence). i) On March 25, 2021, officials of the Municipality of Puriscal requested the Subregional Office of Puriscal of SINAC to visit Barrio Corazón de María in response to a complaint filed by [Name 005] for the alleged invasion of the protection area and the streambed of a stream (quebrada). (See documentary evidence). j) On April 13, 2021, officials of SINAC and the Municipality of Puriscal carried out an inspection of the property of [Name 005], in order to determine possible damages to natural resources. (See documentary evidence). k) On April 21, 2021, SINAC issued the "FIELD INSPECTION REPORT, INVASION OF WATER BODY PROTECTION AREA" SINAC-ACC-OP-of-653-2021, in which it stated: "(...) CONCLUSIONS There is an invasion of 390 m2 into the protection area of a stream (quebrada), according to the SINIGIRH, on the right margin downstream.
In said invasion, at least 13 rubber tires similar to those used by heavy-tonnage trucks and tire tractors, ornamental plants, sugarcane crops, banana crops, squash crops, and avocado were identified [sic].
There is an invasion of the streambed (cauce) of the creek (quebrada), according to the SINIGIRH, with two rubber tires similar to those used by trucks.
There is apparent terrain instability both where the access is located, apparently an easement (servidumbre), as well as at the alleged house of Mr. [Nombre 005] (…)
RECOMMENDATIONS Request from the Municipalidad de Puriscal the opinion and identification of the property where the access is located, under the legal figure of an easement (servidumbre), as well as where Mr. [Nombre 005]’s house is located (…)
Request a visit and opinion from the Comisión Nacional de Emergencias due to the apparent terrain instability both where the access is located, under the legal figure of an easement (servidumbre), as well as at Mr. [Nombre 005]’s house (…)
Request an opinion from the Ministerio de Salud regarding the matter of integrated waste management and the efficient use of resources (…)” (emphasis added). (See documentary evidence).
“Complaint description: there has always been a spring (naciente) known by the neighbors, when the neighbor’s house was built there was earthworks (movimiento tierra) and due to the rains the terrain has been collapsing, it has been a constant struggle for 6 years, he put some tires that have fallen into the San Jose [sic] river causing it to change course and affect the terrains, earthworks (movimientos de tierra) last April 17 where since there is a spring (naciente) none of this should happen, but he [sic] continues moving and [sic] disrespecting the protection area (…)
Address: Santiago de Puriscal, Barrio Corazón de María, 300mts west of the grotto, right side (…)
[...]
Accused parties [Nombre 005] (…)” (bold text incorporated). (See documentary evidence).
“(…) I inform you that complaint [Valor 005], as it falls under its competence, was sent through the Sistema Integrado de Trámites y Atención de denuncias ambientales SITADA to the Unidad de Gestión Ambiental of the Municipalidad de Puriscal, but we are [sic] with the drawback that recently the person registered in the system stopped working for the Municipalidad. However, we are coordinating with the Mayor’s Office to resume coordination.” (See documentary evidence).
“(…) there is a complaint through the SITADA platform for environmental complaints of MINAE [sic] with SITADA number [Valor 005] against Mr. [Nombre 005], concerning farm 657085. Following up on the file from the constructions department, they are attaching an inspection report for threat assessment. I would like to know if the emergency commission has any documentation or other reports, photographs, or anything else to attach to the SITADA platform, and whether the earthworks (movimiento de tierra) were carried out by the emergency commission (…).” (See documentary evidence).
“(…) Given that no update of activities is observed on the Sistema Integrado de Trámites y Atención de Denuncias Ambientales SITADA from the Municipalidad de Puriscal, we proceeded to coordinate with Lic. Luis Alvarado Madrigal, Environmental Manager of said Municipalidad and coordinator user for SITADA.
Lic. Alvarado sent us 1) Inspection Report/Threat Assessments, 2) official communication MP-AM-CU-GA-OI-037-2021; by means of which he requests information on several SITADA complaints from Licda. Yesenia Cordero Acosta, of the Construction Control Department of said Municipalidad, and 3) official communication MP-AM-CU-CC-0007-2022. I attach the 3 files.
The response official communication MP-AM-CU-CC-0007-2022 states: “complaint [Valor 005] [Nombre 005]. A construction permit granted in 2015 is registered. A threat assessment report for landslide hazard (Amenaza de deslizamiento) by the Comisión Municipal de Emergencias dated December 22, 2020, is registered. Said report is attached.” As you can see, the environmental complaint remains assigned, awaiting the final report of the actions taken and resolved by the Municipalidad de Puriscal.
I am copying this email to Lic. Alvarado, to respectfully request that he please provide a response as soon as possible regarding the status of the investigation of SITADA complaint [Valor 005] to the complainant. We also request that you proceed to update the information contained in SITADA, using the user credentials of the Municipalidad de Puriscal.” (See documentary evidence).
aa) On April 20, 2022, the mayor of Puriscal and the head of the Puriscal Office of SINAC were notified of the resolution granting leave to proceed on this recurso. (See notification records).
bb) On April 21, 2022, the Contraloría de Servicios of the Municipalidad de Puriscal issued official communication MS-AM-CS-0028-2022, by means of which it indicated that this department has no knowledge of any petition filed by the amparo petitioners. (See documentary evidence).
Of importance for the resolution of this matter, the following fact is deemed not proven:
In the case sub lite, the appellant party states that it has filed petitions before SINAC and the Municipalidad de Puriscal regarding the invasion of a protection area of a creek (quebrada) and the presence of tires in that location, which causes not only environmental damage, but has also generated the diversion of the riverbed toward the properties where the protected persons reside, whose stability is at risk. It clarifies that the described problem is aggravated because the amparo petitioner [Nombre 002] is a blind older adult and the protected party [Nombre 003] is an older adult who uses a wheelchair.
From the study of the case record, it is apparent that the protected party [Nombre 003] is an older adult aged 87 years and that the amparo petitioner [Nombre 002] is an older adult aged 67 years. Furthermore, in this case it is considered uncontested that the protected parties reside on properties SJ 1855901-2015 and SJ 1926718-2016.
Likewise, it is verified that, on September 28, 2020, the amparo petitioner [Nombre 001] filed a complaint before SINAC, in which he indicates that, in Barrio Corazón de María, 200 meters south of the grotto, before the bridge, there is a small stream with a lot of tires that could cause flooding on his land. This petition was assigned file ACC-OSRP-354-18. Therefore, on November 4, 2020, MINAE officials conducted an inspection related to file ACC-OSRP-354-18. Consequently, the field inspection report SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1440-2020 dated November 4, 2020, related to file ACC-OSRP-354-18, was issued, stating: “(…) III. CONCLUSIONS According to the inspection carried out by Mr. [Nombre 007] and the undersigned, acts contrary to the stipulations of environmental regulations were identified, specifically the construction of a tire wall in the protection area of a creek (quebrada) and spring (naciente), this on property apparently belonging to Mr. [Nombre 005] (…) The reported works are located in protection areas; it was determined in the field that they are affected by Articles 33, 34, and 58 of the Forest Law (Ley Forestal) No. 7575.
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended to forward the respective factual report to the relevant bodies, since upon arriving at the place of the reported incident, the environmental damage committed apparently by Mr. [Nombre 005] is verified. That the municipality (municipalidad) rule on the cadastral information of the property in question under coordinate 464874-E 1088283 N. Adhere to the binding legislation developed in this report” (bold text added). Furthermore, on November 5, 2020, a MINAE official sent report SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1452-2020 to the Fiscalía de Puriscal, in which it was indicated that [Nombre 005] could be responsible for the commission of a crime of invasion. This petition was assigned file [Valor 004].
This Chamber verifies that, on December 22, 2020, the Unidad de Desarrollo Urbano of the Municipalidad de Puriscal carried out an “Inspection Report/Threat Assessments” for a landslide reported by [Nombre 005] on the farm with real estate folio number 657085-000. This report stated: “Description of what was observed and what was stated by the affected party: A vertical movement of the terrain is seen due to poor water channeling and proximity to a creek (quebrada). Recommendations to other institutions and to the affected party: Visit by the geologist from CNE to issue recommendations to the owner on slope stabilization and correct water channeling” (highlighting supplied). Moreover, on March 25, 2021, officials of the Municipalidad de Puriscal requested a visit to Barrio Corazón de María from the Puriscal Subregional Office of SINAC in response to a complaint filed by [Nombre 005] for the alleged invasion of the protection area and the streambed (cauce) of a creek (quebrada).
Additionally, it is verified that, on April 13, 2021, officials from SINAC and the Municipalidad de Puriscal conducted an inspection of [Nombre 005]’s property to determine potential damage to natural resources. Thus, on April 21, 2021, SINAC issued the “FIELD INSPECTION, INVASION OF PROTECTION AREA OF BODY OF WATER” report SINAC-ACC-OP-of-653-2021, in which it stated: “(…) CONCLUSIONS There is an invasion of 390 m2 into the protection area of a creek (quebrada), according to the SINIGIRH, on the right bank downstream. In said invasion, at least 13 rubber tires similar to those used by heavy-tonnage trucks and tire tractors, ornamental plants, sugarcane crops, banana crops, squash crops, and avocado were identified [sic]. There is an invasion of the streambed (cauce) of the creek (quebrada), according to the SINIGIRH, with two rubber tires similar to those used by trucks. There is apparent terrain instability both where the access is located, apparently an easement (servidumbre), as well as at the alleged house of Mr. [Nombre 005] (…) RECOMMENDATIONS Request from the Municipalidad de Puriscal the opinion and identification of the property where the access is located, under the legal figure of an easement (servidumbre), as well as where Mr. [Nombre 005]’s house is located (…) Request a visit and opinion from the Comisión Nacional de Emergencias due to the apparent terrain instability both where the access is located, under the legal figure of an easement (servidumbre), as well as at Mr. [Nombre 005]’s house (…) Request an opinion from the Ministerio de Salud regarding the matter of integrated waste management and the efficient use of resources (…)” (emphasis added).
Due to the foregoing, on April 21, 2021, a SINAC official requested functional direction from the Fiscalía de Puriscal “where the situation was presented to the prosecutor on duty, Licda. Yendri Gómez Quesada, who recommended finding out who the registered owner of the property where the invasion occurred is and requesting an opinion from the Comisión Nacional de Emergencias given the apparent terrain instability where an access easement (servidumbre) and Mr. [Nombre 005]’s dwelling house are located.” Furthermore, on April 21, 2021, via official communication SINAC-ACC-OP-of-0661-2021, SINAC recommended that the Comisión Nacional de Emergencias visit the site and provide the respective opinion given the apparent terrain instability where an access easement (servidumbre) and Mr. [Nombre 005]’s dwelling house are located. That same day, by means of memorandum SINAC-ACC-OP-of-00664-2021, SINAC requested from the Municipalidad de Puriscal the registered property information for the real estate where the tire invasion, the easement (servidumbre), and [Nombre 005]’s dwelling house are located.
Said official communication was sent that same day to the email address [email protected]. Meanwhile, on April 22, 2021, SINAC sent document SINAC-ACC-OP-of-0069-2021, by means of which it requested the Ministerio de Salud to issue its opinion on the integrated waste management involved in the case.
This Tribunal verifies that, on May 6, 2021, the protected party [Nombre 001] filed an environmental complaint on the Sistema Integrado Trámite de Denuncias Ambientales (SITADA) platform, which was assigned code No. [Valor 005]. In said complaint, it was stated: “Complaint description: there has always been a spring (naciente) known by the neighbors, when the neighbor’s house was built there was earthworks (movimiento tierra) and due to the rains the terrain has been collapsing, it has been a constant struggle for 6 years, he put some tires that have fallen into the San Jose [sic] river causing it to change course and affect the terrains, earthworks (movimientos de tierra) last April 17 where since there is a spring (naciente) none of this should happen, but he [sic] continues moving and [sic] disrespecting the protection area (…) Address: Santiago de Puriscal, Barrio Corazón de María, 300mts west of the grotto, right side (…) [...] Accused parties [Nombre 005] (…)” (bold text incorporated).
Likewise, it is observed that, on May 6, 2021, MINAE forwarded complaint No. [Valor 005] to the Municipalidad de Puriscal, in order for the real truth of the reported facts to be investigated and for reports, injunctive relief (medidas cautelares), recommendations, among others, to be entered into SITADA. Similarly, it is observed that, on May 11, 2021, the amparo petitioner [Nombre 001] requested before SINAC to be a party to the process conducted under file SINAC-ACC-OP-26-21. That same day, the Puriscal Subregional Office of SINAC sent an email to [email protected] and [...], by means of which it inquired whether there was any news regarding the opinions requested from CNE, the Ministerio de Salud, and the Municipalidad de Puriscal.
In this case, it is proven that, on July 28, 2021, SINAC sent memorandum SINAC-ACC-OP-of-1252-2021 to the Fiscalía de Puriscal, by means of which the complaint in case [Valor 004] was expanded. Meanwhile, on July 30, 2021, from the email address [...], an inquiry was made to the Contraloría Ambiental of MINAE regarding the status of complaint No. [Valor 005]. In response, on August 3, 2021, a MINAE official stated: “(…) I inform you that complaint [Valor 005], as it falls under its competence, was sent through the Sistema Integrado de Trámites y Atención de denuncias ambientales SITADA to the Unidad de Gestión Ambiental of the Municipalidad de Puriscal, but we are [sic] with the drawback that recently the person registered in the system stopped working for the Municipalidad. However, we are coordinating with the Mayor’s Office to resume coordination.” Whereas, on September 29, 2021, SINAC sent official communication SINAC-ACC-OP-of-1548-2021 to the Fiscalía de Puriscal, in which it indicated that “there is no record in the file at hand kept by this office that what was requested from the Municipalidad de Puriscal via official communication SINAC-ACC-OP-of-0664-2021 has been answered.
It is recommended to request from this entity (Municipalidad de Puriscal), or from the Registro Inmobiliario, to determine the owner of the property in the case brought against [Nombre 005].” On January 10, 2022, an official of the Municipalidad de Puriscal sent an email to the person in charge of matters for the Comisión de Emergencia Municipal, by means of which he pointed out: “(…) there is a complaint through the SITADA platform for environmental complaints of MINAE [sic] with SITADA number [Valor 005] against Mr. [Nombre 005], concerning farm 657085. Following up on the file from the constructions department, they are attaching an inspection report for threat assessment. I would like to know if the emergency commission has any documentation or other reports, photographs, or anything else to attach to the SITADA platform, and whether the earthworks (movimiento de tierra) were carried out by the emergency commission (…).” Meanwhile, on January 25, 2022, from the email address [...], an inquiry was made to MINAE officials regarding complaint No. [Valor 005].
In response, on January 28, 2022, the Contraloría Ambiental of MINAE stated: “(…) Given that no update of activities is observed on the Sistema Integrado de Trámites y Atención de Denuncias Ambientales SITADA from the Municipalidad de Puriscal, we proceeded to coordinate with Lic. Luis Alvarado Madrigal, Environmental Manager of said Municipalidad and coordinator user for SITADA. Lic. Alvarado sent us
Similarly, it is verified that on February 14, 2022, a meeting was scheduled between the environmental manager of the Municipalidad de Puriscal and the Contralor Ambiental and a SITADA advisor, both MINAE officials, so that the latter could instruct the official of the respondent municipal government on entering documents into the program. Moreover, it is observed that, on April 21, 2022, the Contraloría de Servicios of the Municipalidad de Puriscal issued official communication MS-AM-CS-0028-2022, by means of which it indicated that this department has no knowledge of any petition filed by the amparo petitioners.
Finally, from the records contained in the case sub lite, there is no evidentiary material whatsoever that provides certainty that: 1) complaint No. [Valor 005] filed in SITADA, in which both the Municipalidad de Puriscal and MINAE have participated, has been resolved; 2) the Municipalidad de Puriscal has sent what was requested by SINAC on April 21, 2021, by memorandum SINAC-ACC-OP-of-00664-2021, namely, the registered property information for the real estate where the tire invasion, the easement (servidumbre), and [Nombre 005]’s dwelling house are located; and 3) the complaint corresponding to file ACC-OSRP-354-18 filed before SINAC has been resolved.
By virtue of the foregoing, this Constitutional Tribunal verifies the violation of the fundamental rights of the protected party by both SINAC and the Municipalidad de Puriscal.
It should be noted that, in 2020 and 2021, the protected party [Nombre 001] filed complaints in which he alleged the presence of tires in a river that could cause flooding. Thus, on September 28, 2020, the aforementioned amparo petitioner filed a complaint before SINAC which was assigned file [Valor 006], from which various actions are observed. For instance, an inspection was conducted at the reported site and the field inspection report SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1440-2020 dated November 4, 2020, was issued, in which it was clearly indicated that the existence of a tire wall within a protection area was confirmed and the existence of environmental damage allegedly caused by [Nombre 005] was verified.
Furthermore, in the same year 2020, the Municipalidad de Puriscal, in a different case but located on the property of the neighbor of the amparo petitioners here, namely, the aforementioned Mr. [Nombre 005], conducted an inspection in which it determined the existence of “a vertical movement of the terrain due to poor water channeling and proximity to a creek (quebrada).” Thus, since 2020, both SINAC and the Municipalidad de Puriscal have been aware that, on the referenced land, where the properties on which the protected parties reside are located, there are problems of contamination and poor water channeling, which creates danger for the homes near the river. Additionally, in an inspection conducted on April 13, 2021, on [Nombre 005]’s property, SINAC determined that there is an invasion of 390 square meters into the protection area of a creek (quebrada), as well as reiterating the presence of rubber tires.
In said inspection, the existence of “apparent terrain instability both where the access is located, apparently an easement (servidumbre), as well as at the alleged house of Mr. [Nombre 005]” was also determined. Due to the foregoing, SINAC sent a series of memoranda requesting collaboration from CNE, the Ministerio de Salud, and the Municipalidad de Puriscal, as well as the Fiscalía de Puriscal, a venue where a complaint had previously been filed for the possible commission of the crime of invasion. However, in this case, not only is it not verified that the respondent local government has sent what was requested by SINAC on April 21, 2021, by memorandum SINAC-ACC-OP-of-00664-2021, but it is also not proven that SINAC has taken any other action to resolve the problem alleged by the protected party, in which not only are the life and physical integrity of the persons at risk, but the existence of environmental damage was also confirmed.
On the other hand, it should be reiterated that, on May 6, 2021, the protected party [Nombre 001] filed complaint No. [Valor 005] on the SITADA platform. On this point, although the Municipalidad de Puriscal maintains in the report rendered under oath that there is no petition filed directly by the amparo petitioners regarding the problem that is the subject of this recurso, it is no less true that the aforementioned complaint filed by the amparo petitioner [Nombre 001] was directed by MINAE to the respondent municipal corporation. Moreover, even though the respondent local government maintains that this complaint is linked to a neighbor dispute that does not correspond to the facts subject to this amparo, it is no less true that this petition alleged: “Complaint description: there has always been a spring (naciente) known by the neighbors, when the neighbor’s house was built there was earthworks (movimiento tierra) and due to the rains the terrain has been collapsing, it has been a constant struggle for 6 years, he put some tires that have fallen into the San Jose [sic] river causing it to change course and affect the terrains, earthworks (movimientos de tierra) last April 17 where since there is a spring (naciente) none of this should happen, but he [sic] continues moving and [sic] disrespecting the protection area (…) Address: Santiago de Puriscal, Barrio Corazón de María, 300mts west of the grotto, right side (…) [...] Accused parties [Nombre 005] (…).” In this regard, although it is verified that the environmental manager of the respondent municipal corporation carried out some investigative acts related to the aforementioned complaint and that MINAE officials sought to follow up on it, it is no less true that it has not been proven that an effective solution to the alleged problem has been provided; this, despite the seriousness of the facts alleged.
In sum, even though in the case sub iudice it is verified that the respondent authorities have carried out a series of actions related to the aforementioned complaints filed by the appellant [Nombre 001], it is no less true that in this case it has not been proven that the problems mentioned in complaints ACC-OSRP-354-18 dated September 28, 2020, and No. [Valor 005] dated May 6, 2021, have been addressed and corrected. However, it should be highlighted that it is apparent from the case record that the solution to the alleged problem must come from a joint effort among the respondent parties, which must be expeditious, in order to protect the life and physical integrity of the protected persons, as well as the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. Ergo, the appropriate course is to grant the recurso under the terms set forth in the operative part of this pronouncement.
As a matter of principle, I consider that cases related to the inactivity of the Public Administration in the repair, construction, modification, or demolition of any infrastructure work should be dismissed, because such omission constitutes a matter of legality, the discussion of which corresponds to the ordinary jurisdiction, before which the interested person can debate their disagreements with greater breadth.
However, when that omissive administrative conduct gives rise to a violation of other fundamental rights protected in this constitutional jurisdiction, or affects groups considered vulnerable, I do reach the merits of the matter, as this situation constitutes an exception to my position on this subject, as occurs in this amparo, in which the petitioner alleges material and environmental damages from alterations to a river channel, which places homes and properties at risk, as well as their occupants, some of whom are alleged to be older adults with visual and mobility disabilities, thereby endangering the physical integrity (integridad física) and health of the community residents.
VII.PARTIALLY DISSENTING VOTE (VOTO SALVADO PARCIAL) BY MAGISTRATE GARRO VARGAS REGARDING THE DISPOSITIVE PART OF THIS JUDGMENT. Although I concur with the majority of the Chamber that the appeal (recurso) should be granted (declarar con lugar), I differ as to where to place the execution phase of the matter, due to the lack of adequate mechanisms provided under the regulations governing this constitutional jurisdiction to follow up on a judgment involving highly complex technical aspects, as in this case, so that the problem of encroachment of approximately 390 square meters into the protection area (área de protección) of a creek (quebrada) in Barrio Corazón de María in Puriscal by the construction of a tire wall, the object of this amparo proceeding (recurso de amparo), may be definitively resolved. Instead, what the Contentious-Administrative Procedure Code (Código Procesal Contencioso-Administrativo) provides regarding execution (Article 155 et seq.) has clear advantages, such as the possibility of requesting schedules, imposing fines, establishing responsibilities, overseeing compliance stages, etc. Therefore, in accordance with Article 56 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law (Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional), I believe that the execution phase must take place before the Execution Area (Área de Ejecución) of the Contentious-Administrative and Civil Treasury Tribunal (Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda), under the judgment execution rules of said Code.
The parties are cautioned that if they have provided any paper document, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be removed from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days from notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not removed within this period shall be destroyed, pursuant to the "Regulation on Electronic Case Files before the Judiciary" (Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial), approved by the Full Court (Corte Plena) in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in Judicial Bulletin (Boletín Judicial) number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judiciary (Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial), in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.
Por tanto:
The appeal (recurso) is granted (se declara con lugar). Iris Arroyo Herrera and Óscar Daniel Bermúdez Rodríguez, in that order, mayoress (alcaldesa) of Puriscal and acting head (jefe a. i.) of the Puriscal Subregional Office of the Central Conservation Area of the National System of Conservation Areas (Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación, SINAC), or whoever holds those positions in their place, as well as whoever holds the position of director of the Central Conservation Area of SINAC, are ordered to coordinate whatever is necessary, carry out the pertinent actions, and perform the corresponding works within the scope of their competencies, so that, within a maximum period of ONE YEAR, counted from notification of this judgment, the problem reported by the petitioner (parte recurrente) related to the construction of a tire wall within a protection area (área de protección), which has caused instability in the lands near the river, including the houses inhabited by the protected persons, is resolved.
The foregoing is ordered with the warning that, based on Article 71 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law (Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional), a prison term of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on those who receive an order that they must comply with or enforce, issued in an amparo proceeding (recurso de amparo), and fail to comply with or enforce it, provided the offense is not more severely penalized. The Municipality of Puriscal (Municipalidad de Puriscal) and the National System of Conservation Areas are ordered to pay the costs (costas), damages (daños), and losses (perjuicios) caused by the facts underlying this declaration, which shall be quantified in the execution of judgment under contentious-administrative proceedings. Magistrate Salazar Alvarado makes a note. Magistrate Garro Vargas dissents (salva el voto) regarding the execution of this judgment and, in accordance with Article 56 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law, orders that it shall take place before the Execution Area of the Contentious-Administrative and Civil Treasury Tribunal, under the execution rules established in Articles 155 et seq. of the Contentious-Administrative Procedure Code. Likewise, she orders that a copy of the judgment be sent to her so that the execution proceedings of this ruling may be initiated. Notify.
Fernando Castillo V.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ana Cristina Fernandez A.
Rosibel Jara V.
Jose Roberto Garita N.
*HB7QDGDXCK061* Telephones: 2549-1500 / 800-SALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: 2295-3712 / 2549-1633. Email address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Sabana Sur, Calle Morenos, 100 mts. South of the Perpetuo Socorro church). Reception of matters from vulnerable groups: Supreme Court of Justice Building, San José, Catedral District, González Lahmann Neighborhood, streets 19 and 21, avenues 8 and 6.
Classification prepared by the CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER (SALA CONSTITUCIONAL) of the Judiciary. Its reproduction and/or distribution for profit is prohibited.
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 16-02-2026 18:45:56.
Sentencia con Voto Salvado Sentencia con nota separada Indicadores de Relevancia Sentencia relevante Sentencia con datos protegidos, de conformidad con la normativa vigente Contenido de Interés:
Temas Estrategicos: Ambiental Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
CONSTRUCCION.
013129-22. AMBIENTE. SE ORDENA A LA ALCALDESA DE PURISCAL Y JEFE A. I. DE LA OFICINA SUBREGIONAL DE PURISCAL DEL ÁREA DE CONSERVACIÓN CENTRAL DEL SISTEMA NACIONAL DE ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN, ASÍ COMO A QUIEN DESEMPEÑE EL PUESTO DE DIRECTOR DEL ÁREA DE CONSERVACIÓN CENTRAL DE SINAC, QUE COORDINEN LO NECESARIO, EJECUTEN LAS ACCIONES PERTINENTES Y REALICEN LAS OBRAS QUE CORRESPONDAN DENTRO DEL ÁMBITO DE SUS COMPETENCIAS, A LOS EFECTOS DE QUE, EN EL PLAZO MÁXIMO DE UN AÑO, CONTADO A PARTIR DE LA NOTIFICACIÓN DE ESTA SENTENCIA, SE SOLUCIONE EL PROBLEMA DENUNCIADO POR LA PARTE RECURRENTE RELACIONADO CON LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN MURO DE LLANTAS DENTRO DE UN ÁREA DE PROTECCIÓN, LO QUE HA GENERADO INESTABILIDAD EN LOS TERRENOS CERCANOS AL RÍO, ENTRE ELLOS, LAS CASAS HABITADAS POR LAS PERSONAS AMPARADAS.
“(…) En virtud de lo expuesto, este Tribunal Constitucional verifica la lesión a los derechos fundamentales de la parte tutelada tanto por parte del SINAC como de la Municipalidad de Puriscal.
(…)
En suma, aun cuando en el sub iudice se verifica que las autoridades recurridas han llevado a cabo una serie de acciones relacionadas con las denuncias supramencionadas planteadas por el recurrente [Nombre 001], no menos cierto es que en la especie no se tiene por demostrado que las problemáticas a las que se hizo mención en las denuncias ACC-OSRP-354-18 del 28 de setiembre de 2020 y n.° [Valor 005] del 6 de mayo de 2021 hayan sido atendidas y corregidas. Ahora bien, cabe resaltar que de los autos se desprende que la solución al problema acusado debe provenir de una labor conjunta entre las partes accionadas, la cual debe ser célere, a fin de proteger la vida e integridad física de las personas tuteladas, así como el derecho al ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. Ergo, lo procedente es acoger el recurso en los términos establecidos en la parte dispositiva de este pronunciamiento. (…)” VCG07/2022 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Nota separada Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
CONSTRUCCION.
En tesis de principio, considero que los casos relacionados con la inactividad de la Administración Pública en la reparación, construcción, modificación o demolición de cualquier obra de infraestructura, deben ser desestimados, por constituir, esa omisión, un tema de legalidad, cuya discusión corresponde a la jurisdicción ordinaria, ante la cual la persona interesada puede debatir, con mayor amplitud, sus disconformidades. Sin embargo, cuando de aquella conducta administrativa omisiva se derive alguna violación a otros derechos fundamentales tutelados en esta jurisdicción constitucional, o se afecten grupos considerados vulnerables, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto, por constituir esta situación una excepción a mi posición en esta materia, tal y como sucede en este amparo, en que el recurrente acusa que daños materiales y ambientales por alteraciones en el cauce de un río, que pone en riesgo viviendas y propiedades, así como sus ocupantes, algunos se alegan son adultos mayores con discapacidades visuales y de movilidad, con lo que se pone en peligro la integridad física y la salud de los vecinos de comunidad.
VCG07/2022 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto salvado Rama del Derecho: 6. LEY DE LA JURISDICCIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL ANOTADA CON JURISPRUDENCIA Tema: 056- Ejecución de sentencias Subtemas:
NO APLICA.
Si bien coincido con la mayoría de la Sala en que el recurso se debe declarar con lugar, difiero sobre dónde residenciar la fase de ejecución del asunto, debido a la inexistencia de mecanismos adecuados previstos por la normativa que rige esta jurisdicción constitucional para dar seguimiento a una sentencia que reviste aspectos técnicos de gran complejidad, como es en este caso para que se resuelva en forma definitiva el problema de invasión de aproximadamente 390 metros cuadrados al área de protección de una quebrada en Barrio Corazón de María en Puriscal con la construcción de un muro de llantas, objeto de este recurso de amparo. En cambio, lo dispuesto por el Código Procesal Contencioso-Administrativo en materia de ejecución (artículo 155 y siguientes) tiene evidentes ventajas, como la posibilidad de pedir cronogramas, imponer multas, sentar responsabilidades, fiscalizar etapas de cumplimiento, etc. Por ello, de conformidad con lo dispuesto por el artículo 56 de la Ley de Jurisdicción Constitucional, estimo que la fase de ejecución debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución de sentencia de dicho Código.
VCG07/2022 ... Ver más *220078280007CO* SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del diez de junio de dos mil veintidos .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente número 22-007828-0007-CO, interpuesto por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad [Valor 001], a favor de [Nombre 002], cédula de identidad [Valor 002] y [Nombre 003], contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE PURISCAL y el SISTEMA NACINAL DE ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN (SINAC).
Resultando:
Redacta la Magistrada Fernandez Acuña ; y,
Considerando:
En vista de que el director del Área de Conservación Central de SINAC omitió rendir el informe solicitado dentro del plazo establecido en el artículo 45 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se entra a resolver el recurso con base en los demás escritos y pruebas contenidos en los autos. II.- OBJETO DEL RECURSO. La parte recurrente expone haber planteado gestiones ante el SINAC y la Municipalidad de Puriscal referentes a la invasión de un área de protección de una quebrada y a la existencia de llantas en tal lugar, lo que ocasiona no solo daño al ambiente, sino que también se ha generado la desviación del cauce del río hacia las propiedades en las que habitan las personas tuteladas, cuya estabilidad se encuentra en riesgo. Aclara que la problemática narrada se agrava, debido a que la amparada [Nombre 002] es una persona adulta mayor no vidente y la tutelada [Nombre 003] es una persona adulta mayor que emplea silla de ruedas.
III.-HECHOS PROBADOS. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la autoridad recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial: a) La tutelada [Nombre 003] es una persona adulta mayor de 87 años de edad. (Ver página web del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones). b) La amparada [Nombre 002] es una persona adulta mayor de 67 años de edad. (Ver página web del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones). c) Los tutelados residen en los bienes SJ 1855901-2015 y SJ 1926718-2016. (Hecho incontrovertido). d) El 28 de setiembre de 2020, el amparado [Nombre 001] planteó una denuncia ante el SINAC, en la que indica que, en el Barrio Corazón de María, 200 metros al sur de la gruta, antes del puente, hay un riachuelo con un montón de llantas que podrían generar que inundaciones en su terreno.
A tal gestión se le asignó el expediente ACC-OSRP-354-18 . (Ver prueba documental). e) El 4 de noviembre de 2020, funcionarios de MINAE efectuaron una inspección atinente al expediente ACC-OSRP-354-18. (Ver prueba documental). f) En el informe de inspección de campo SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1440-2020 del 4 de noviembre de 2020 atinente al expediente ACC-OSRP-354-18 se consignó: “(…) III. CONCLUSIONES Según la inspección realizada por el señor [Nombre 007] y el suscrito, se identificaron actos contrarios a lo estipulado en la normativa ambiental, específicamente construcción de un muro de llantas en el área de protección de una quebrada y naciente, esto en propiedad aparentemente del señor [Nombre 005] (…) Las obras denunciadas se ubican en áreas de protección , en campo se pudo determinar están afectadas por los Artículos 33, 34 y 58 de la Ley Forestal No. 7575. IV. RECOMENDACIONES Se recomienda remitir el respectivo informe de hechos a las instancias respectivas, ya que al llegar al lugar del hecho denunciado se comprueba el daño ambiental cometido aparentemente por el señor [Nombre 005] .
Que la municipalidad de pronuncie con respecto a la información catastral del inmueble en cuestión bajo la coordenada 464874-E 1088283 N. Apegarse a la legislación vinculante desarrollada en este informe” (la negrita fue agregada). (Ver prueba documental). g) El 5 de noviembre de 2020, un servidor de MINAE remitió el informe SINAC-ACC-OSRP-1452-2020 a la Fiscalía de Puriscal, en la que se indicó que [Nombre 005] podría ser responsable de la comisión de un delito de invasión. A tal gestión se le asignó el expediente [Valor 004] . (Ver prueba documental). h) El 22 de diciembre de 2020, la Unidad de Desarrollo Urbano de la Municipalidad de Puriscal efectuó un “Informe de Inspección/Valoraciones por amenazas ” por un deslizamiento reportado por [Nombre 005] en la finca con folio real 657085-000. En tal informe se consignó: “Descripción de lo observado y lo expuesto por el afectado: El Se (sic) visualiza un movimiento vertical del terreno a causa de mala canalización de agua y cercanía con una quebrada.
Recomendaciones a otras instituciones y al afectado: Visita del geólogo del CNE para emitir recomendaciones a propietario sobre estabilización de talud y correcta canalización de agua” (el resaltado fue suplido). (Ver prueba documental). i) El 25 de marzo de 2021, funcionarios de la Municipalidad de Puriscal solicitaron a la Oficina Subregional de Puriscal de SINAC una visita al Barrio Corazón de María ante una denuncia interpuesta por [Nombre 005] por la presunta invasión al área de protección y al cauce de una quebrada. (Ver prueba documental). j) El 13 de abril de 2021, servidores de SINAC y de la Municipalidad de Puriscal efectuaron una inspección a la propiedad de [Nombre 005], a fin de determinar posibles daños a recursos naturales. (Ver prueba documental). k) El 21 de abril de 2021, el SINAC emitió el informe de “INSPECCIÓN DE CAMPO, INVASIÓN A ÁREA DE PROTECCIÓN DE CUERPO DE AGUA” SINAC-ACC-OP-of-653-2021, en el que señaló: “(…) CONCLUSIONES Existe la invasión de 390 m2 al área de protección de una quebrada , según el SINIGIRH, al margen derecho aguas abajo.
En dicha invasión se puedo (sic) identificar al menos 13 llantas de hule similares a las que utiliza (sic) los camiones de alto tonelaje y tractores de llantas, platas ornamentales, cultivos de caña, cultivo banano, cultivo de ayote y aguacate. Existe invasión al cauce de la quebrada , según el SINIGIRH, con dos llantas de hule similares a las que utiliza (sic) los camiones. Existe aparente inestabilidad de terreno tanto donde está el acceso, aparentemente servidumbre, así como de la supuesta casa del señor [Nombre 005] (…) RECOMENDACIONES Solicitar a la Municipalidad de Puriscal el criterio y la identificación de la propiedad donde se encuentra el acceso, figura de servidumbre, así también, donde se encuentra la casa del señor [Nombre 005] (…) Solicitar visita y criterio a la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias por la aparente inestabilidad de terreno tanto donde está el acceso, figura de servidumbre, así como de la casa del señor [Nombre 005] (…) Solicitar criterio al Ministerio de Salud por el tema de la gestión integral de residuos y el uso eficiente de recursos (…)” (el énfasis fue añadido).
(Ver prueba documental). l) El 21 de abril de 2021, un funcionario de SINAC solicitó dirección funcional a la Fiscalía de Puriscal “donde se le expuso la situación a al fiscal en turno, la Licda. Yendri Gómez Quesada, misma que recomendó averiguar quién es el dueño registral del inmueble donde se realizó la invasión y solicitar el criterio a la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias ante la aparente inestabilidad del terreno donde se ubica una servidumbre de acceso y la casa de habitación del señor [Nombre 005] ”. (Ver informe rendido bajo juramento por la autoridad recurrida). m) El 21 de abril de 2021, por oficio SINAC-ACC-OP-of-0661-2021, el SINAC le recomendó a la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias visitar el sitio y aportar el criterio respectivo ante la aparente inestabilidad del terreno donde se ubica una servidumbre de acceso y la casa de habitación del señor [Nombre 005]. (Ver prueba documental). n) El 21 de abril de 2021, mediante memorial SINAC-ACC-OP-of-00664-2021, el SINAC le solicitó a la Municipalidad de Puriscal la información registral del inmueble donde se ubica la invasión de llantas, la servidumbre y la casa de habitación de [Nombre 005] .
Tal oficio fue remitido ese mismo día al correo electrónico [email protected] . (Ver prueba documental). o) El 22 de abril de 2021, el SINAC dirigió el documento SINAC-ACC-OP-of-0069-2021, por medio del cual solicitó al Ministerio de Salud emitir su criterio sobre la gestión integral de residuos que involucra el caso. (Ver prueba documental). p) El 6 de mayo de 2021, el tutelado [Nombre 001] formuló una denuncia ambiental en la plataforma Sistema Integrado Trámite de Denuncias Ambientales (SITADA) a la que se le asignó el código n.° [Valor 005] . En tal denuncia se indicó: “Descripción de denuncia: siempre ha habido una naciente conocida por los vecinos, al construir la casa del vecino hubo movimiento tierra y debido a las lluvias se ha venido el terreno, ha sido una pelea constante desde hace 6 años, puso unas llantas que han caído al río san jose (sic) haciendo que cambie el curso y afecte los terrenos movimientos de tierra el pasado 17 de abril donde al haber una naciente nada de esto debería suceder, pero el (sic) continua moviendo y (sic) irrespetando el área de protección (…) Dirección: Santiago de Puriscal, Barrio corazón de María, 300mts oeste de la gruta, lado derecho (…) [...] Imputados [Nombre 005] (…)” (la negrita fue incorporada).
(Ver prueba documental). q) El 6 de mayo de 2021, el MINAE trasladó la denuncia n.° [Valor 005] a la Municipalidad de Puriscal, a fin de que se investigara la verdad real de lo denunciado, ingresara a SITADA los informes, las medidas cautelares, las recomendaciones, entre otros. (Ver prueba documental). r) El 11 de mayo de 2021, el amparado [Nombre 001] requirió ante el SINAC ser parte del proceso tramitado en el expediente SINAC-ACC-OP-26-21. (Ver prueba documental). s) El 11 de mayo de 2021, la Oficina Subregional de Puriscal de SINAC dirigió un correo electrónico a [email protected] y [...], por medio del cual consultó si se tenían noticias sobre los criterios requeridos a la CNE, al Ministerio de Salud y a la Municipalidad de Puriscal. (Ver prueba documental). t) El 28 de julio de 2021, el SINAC dirigió el memorial SINAC-ACC-OP-of-1252-2021 a la Fiscalía de Puriscal, por medio del cual se amplió lo denunciado en la causa [Valor 004] .
(Ver prueba documental). u) El 30 de julio de 2021, desde el correo electrónico [...] se consultó a la Contraloría Ambiental de MINAE por el estado de la denuncia n.° [Valor 005] . En respuesta, el 3 de agosto de 2021, un funcionario de MINAE indicó: “(…) le comunico que la denuncia [Valor 005], por ser de su competencia, se remitió por medio del Sistema Integrado de Trámites y Atención de denuncias ambientales SITADA, a la Unidad de Gestión Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Puriscal, pero estam (sic) con el inconveniente de que recientemente, la persona registrada en el sistema, dejó de laborar para la Municipalidad. Sin embargo, estamos en la coordinación con la Alcaldía, para retomar coordinación”. (Ver prueba documental). v) El 29 de setiembre de 2021, el SINAC remitió el oficio SINAC-ACC-OP-of-1548-2021 a la Fiscalía de Puriscal, en el que le indicó que “no existe en el expediente de marras que lleva esta oficina algún registro de que lo solicitado a la Municipalidad de Puriscal mediante oficio SINAC-ACC-OP-of-0664-2021, haya sido contestado.
Se recomienda solicitar a este ente (Municipalidad de Puriscal), o bien al Registro Inmobiliario, determinar el dueño de la propiedad en el caso seguido contra [Nombre 005] (…)”. (Ver prueba documental e informe rendido bajo juramento por la autoridad recurrida). w) El 10 de enero de 2022, un funcionario de la Municipalidad de Puriscal le remitió un correo electrónico a la encargada de asuntos de la Comisión de Emergencia Municipal, por medio del que señaló: “(…) existe una denuncia por medio de la plataforma SITADA de denuncias ambientales de minae (sic) con el número SITADA [Valor 005] en contra del señor [Nombre 005], de la finca 657085. Dando seguimiento a expediente por parte del departamento de construcciones me adjuntan oficio inspección por valoración de amenazas, Quisiera saber si de parte de la comisión de emergencias existe documentación u otro informe fotografías o demás para adjuntar a la plataforma sitada (sic) y si el movimiento de tierra se dio por parte de comisión de emergencias (…)”.
(Ver prueba documental). x) El 25 de enero de 2022, desde el correo electrónico [...] se consultó a funcionarios de MINAE respecto a la denuncia n.° [Valor 005]. En respuesta, el 28 de enero de 2022, la Contraloría Ambiental de MINAE indicó: “(…) En vista de que en el Sistema Integrado de Trámites y Atención de Denuncias Ambientales SITADA, no se observa actualización de actividades, por parte de la Municipalidad de Puriscal, procedimos a coordinar con el Lic. Luis Alvarado Madrigal, Gestor Ambiental de dicha Municipalidad y usuario coordinador del SITADA. El Lic. Alvarado nos envió
Por tanto:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Iris Arroyo Herrera y a Óscar Daniel Bermúdez Rodríguez, por su orden, alcaldesa de Puriscal y jefe a. i. de la Oficina Subregional de Puriscal del Área de Conservación Central del Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación, o a quienes en su lugar ocupen esos cargos, así como a quien desempeñe el puesto de director del Área de Conservación Central de SINAC, que coordinen lo necesario, ejecuten las acciones pertinentes y realicen las obras que correspondan dentro del ámbito de sus competencias, a los efectos de que, en el plazo máximo de UN AÑO , contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se solucione el problema denunciado por la parte recurrente relacionado con la construcción de un muro de llantas dentro de un área de protección, lo que ha generado inestabilidad en los terrenos cercanos al río, entre ellos, las casas habitadas por las personas amparadas.
Lo anterior se dicta con el apercibimiento de que con base en lo establecido en el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quienes recibieren una orden que deban cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y que no la cumplieren o no la hicieren cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena a la Municipalidad de Puriscal y al Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. El magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota. La magistrada Garro Vargas salva el voto respecto a la ejecución de esta sentencia y, de conformidad con el artículo 56 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, dispone que debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución, establecidos en los artículos 155 y siguientes del Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo. Asimismo, ordena que se le remita copia de la sentencia para que se inicie los procedimientos de ejecución de este fallo. Notifíquese.
Fernando Castillo V.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ana Cristina Fernandez A.
Rosibel Jara V.
Jose Roberto Garita N.
*HB7QDGDXCK061* Clasificación elaborada por SALA CONSTITUCIONALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
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