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Res. 15951-2021 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 16/07/2021
OutcomeResultado
The Constitutional Chamber partially granted the non-compliance motion: it ordered the Mayor of Curridabat and the acting Área Rectora de Salud director to comply with the sewage mandate under threat of criminal referral and administrative disciplinary proceedings, and extended to May 8, 2024 the deadline for resolving the Miravalles I water supply shortage.La Sala acogió parcialmente la gestión de incumplimiento: ordenó al alcalde de Curridabat y a la directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud cumplir lo dispuesto sobre aguas negras bajo apercibimiento de remisión penal al Ministerio Público y apertura de procedimiento administrativo, y amplió hasta el 8 de mayo de 2024 el plazo para resolver el desabastecimiento de agua en Miravalles I.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber rules on a non-compliance motion filed nearly two years after its original Judgment 2019-012231, which had ordered the Municipality of Curridabat, the Área Rectora de Salud, and the ICAA to resolve the illegal discharge of sewage into public roads in Tirrases and the water supply shortage in Miravalles I. The Chamber finds that, despite inter-agency coordination efforts, the sewage problem was never definitively resolved nor communicated to the petitioner. It rejects the Mayor's extension request as manifestly untimely — the original six-month deadline expired in January 2020, with over sixteen additional months elapsing without concrete compliance — and orders the Mayor and the health director to comply under threat of criminal referral and administrative proceedings. Regarding the Miravalles I water shortage, it extends the deadline to May 8, 2024, given the technical and infrastructural complexity of the problem.La Sala Constitucional resuelve una gestión de incumplimiento planteada casi dos años después de su sentencia n.° 2019-012231, que había ordenado a la Municipalidad de Curridabat, el Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat y el ICAA resolver el vertido ilegal de aguas negras en vías públicas del sector Tirrases y el desabastecimiento de agua potable en Miravalles I. La Sala constata que, pese a las acciones de coordinación interinstitucional ejecutadas, el problema de aguas negras no fue resuelto definitivamente ni se notificó a la parte recurrente. Rechaza la solicitud de prórroga del alcalde para ese extremo por extemporánea —el plazo original de seis meses venció en enero de 2020 y transcurrieron más de dieciséis meses adicionales sin cumplimiento concreto— y ordena al alcalde de Curridabat y a la directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud cumplir lo ordenado bajo apercibimiento de testimonio de piezas ante el Ministerio Público y apertura de procedimiento administrativo. En cuanto al desabastecimiento de agua en Miravalles I, amplía el plazo de ejecución hasta el 8 de mayo de 2024, dada la complejidad técnica e infraestructural del problema.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Given this panorama, even though the Chamber acknowledges that the respondent authorities have taken steps aimed at resolving the sewage problem denounced since May 28, 2018, it is no less true that such actions have been insufficient. In other words, while actions aimed at complying with what was ordered have been carried out in this case, it is no less true that the record does not show that the complaint filed on March 28, 2018 has been definitively resolved, nor that such circumstances have been communicated to the petitioner. Accordingly, the appropriate course is to grant the non-compliance motion as regards this aspect. In this regard, the Chamber rejects the extension request filed by the mayor to resolve the sewage problem denounced since March 28, 2018. This is because a more than reasonable period of time has elapsed without the respondent having reported any concrete action to resolve the accused problem. Furthermore, it should be noted that the initial deadline granted by the Chamber was six months, which expired in January 2020, and it is only now — more than 16 months after that deadline passed — that the mayor seeks an extension. That is to say, the extension request in question is manifestly untimely, as the deadline set by this Chamber had long since expired at the time such request was filed.Desde este panorama, aun cuando la Sala acredita que las autoridades accionadas han realizado acciones tendientes a solucionar el problema de aguas negras denunciado desde el 28 de mayo de 2018, no menos cierto es que tales acciones han sido insuficientes. En otras palabras, si bien en el sub lite se han ejecutado acciones tendientes a cumplir lo ordenado, no menos cierto es que de los autos no se colige que la denuncia planteada el 28 de marzo de 2018 haya sido resuelta en forma definitiva, ni tampoco que tales circunstancias hayan sido notificadas a la parte recurrente. En consecuencia, lo procedente es acoger la gestión de desobediencia en lo que a este extremo atañe. Al respecto, la Sala rechaza la solicitud de ampliación de plazo planteada por el alcalde municipal para solucionar el problema de aguas negras denunciado desde el 28 de marzo de 2018. Lo anterior obedece a que en la especie ha transcurrido un plazo más que prudencial sin que el recurrido haya informado acción concreta alguna para resolver la problemática acusada. Además, nótese que el plazo inicial otorgado por la Sala fue de seis meses, el cual venció desde enero de 2020, y es hasta ahora, sea, más de 16 meses después de vencido el plazo concedido, cuando el alcalde aludido pretende una ampliación del plazo otorgado. Es decir, la solicitud de prórroga de marras es a todas luces extemporánea, pues el plazo dispuesto por esta Sala se encontraba sobradamente vencido al momento en que se planteó tal solicitud.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"aun cuando la Sala acredita que las autoridades accionadas han realizado acciones tendientes a solucionar el problema de aguas negras denunciado desde el 28 de mayo de 2018, no menos cierto es que tales acciones han sido insuficientes."
"Even though the Chamber acknowledges that the respondent authorities have taken steps aimed at resolving the sewage problem denounced since May 28, 2018, it is no less true that such actions have been insufficient."
Considerando V — Valoración general del incumplimiento
"aun cuando la Sala acredita que las autoridades accionadas han realizado acciones tendientes a solucionar el problema de aguas negras denunciado desde el 28 de mayo de 2018, no menos cierto es que tales acciones han sido insuficientes."
Considerando V — Valoración general del incumplimiento
"si bien en el sub lite se han ejecutado acciones tendientes a cumplir lo ordenado, no menos cierto es que de los autos no se colige que la denuncia planteada el 28 de marzo de 2018 haya sido resuelta en forma definitiva, ni tampoco que tales circunstancias hayan sido notificadas a la parte recurrente."
"While actions aimed at complying with what was ordered have been carried out in this case, it is no less true that the record does not show that the complaint filed on March 28, 2018 has been definitively resolved, nor that such circumstances have been communicated to the petitioner."
Considerando V — Fundamento de la gestión de desobediencia
"si bien en el sub lite se han ejecutado acciones tendientes a cumplir lo ordenado, no menos cierto es que de los autos no se colige que la denuncia planteada el 28 de marzo de 2018 haya sido resuelta en forma definitiva, ni tampoco que tales circunstancias hayan sido notificadas a la parte recurrente."
Considerando V — Fundamento de la gestión de desobediencia
"la solicitud de prórroga de marras es a todas luces extemporánea, pues el plazo dispuesto por esta Sala se encontraba sobradamente vencido al momento en que se planteó tal solicitud."
"The extension request in question is manifestly untimely, as the deadline set by this Chamber had long since expired at the time such request was filed."
Considerando V — Rechazo de ampliación de plazo para aguas negras
"la solicitud de prórroga de marras es a todas luces extemporánea, pues el plazo dispuesto por esta Sala se encontraba sobradamente vencido al momento en que se planteó tal solicitud."
Considerando V — Rechazo de ampliación de plazo para aguas negras
Full documentDocumento completo
SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, at nine hours and twenty minutes on the sixteenth of July, two thousand twenty-one.
Follow-up motion filed by Nombre01, in connection with resolution no. 2019-012231 of 9:30 hours of July 5, 2019.
Background:
It adds that at the meeting of February 11, 2021, the following topics of relevance to compliance with the ordered measures were presented: "Presentation of agreements reached at the political committee (mesa política) meetings held on 01.23.2020 and 01.29.2021, within which it was established to develop a roadmap (hoja de ruta) — technical and social — with the necessary actions and timelines for the project proposed by ICAA and the development of a Social Pact (Pacto Social), as well as the review of the Wastewater Treatment Project (Proyecto de Saneamiento de Aguas Residuales) and the possibility of connecting the project to the collector zone. • Presentation of prior agreements and progress, among which the following stand out: a territorial information survey (levantamiento de información territorial) of the population is available, pending an update following the pandemic; new positive community leaders have been identified; it is proposed to hold a social technical committee (mesa técnica social) session before entering the field with the continuation of the contracting process; a risk study for Miravalles II is currently being contracted to clarify possible evictions. • An explanation of the Comprehensive Urban Development and Urban Renewal Project (Proyecto de Urbanismo Integral y renovación urbana) proposal was provided by Eng.
Gustavo Mora, a prominent figure at the Municipalidad de Curridabat, where the necessary inputs to implement the project are established, namely: adequate housing, public space, infrastructure and urban equipment, connectivity, mobility, transportation, environmental management and protection, public services, informal settlements (asentamientos informales), coexistence and a culture of peace, safe spaces, resident communities, food security, education, training and production, and social participation. It is established that comprehensive urban renewal with a master plan must be generated, because otherwise this would condemn the community to entrenched poverty and would be an inadequate response to development. • ICAA representatives explain the locations and operation of the current tank and pumping system in the community of Miravalles I. The social problems and illegal connections to the potable water system (sistema potable) are also described, along with vandalism to the infrastructure.
The importance of the fact that the property belongs to the Ministry of Health, Central Level, is reiterated. In the short term, the following are agreed upon: construction of a new exposed iron force main (línea de impulsión), security of the storage tank (tanque de almacenamiento) through the construction of a new perimeter wall (tapia), controlled public water taps (fuentes públicas controladas) for Miravalles II for 10 to 12 hours per day, families must supplement with individual storage tanks, and priority will be given to families with elderly persons and persons with disabilities." It adds that at the session of March 3, 2021, the following progress was noted: "• Social Outreach (Abordaje Social): the Social Technical Committee (Mesa Técnica Social) proposal is presented, which consists of generating the necessary mediation to build a Social Pact, grounded in reconciling the visions of Dirección01 so as to speak of a single Miravalles, identifying all the factors that have divided them and emphasizing those in which common ground for unity can be found, as well as the care of the construction works, raising awareness of their importance and thereby preventing them from being vandalized in various ways, including through precarious connections to the network.
For these actions, the Municipalidad reactivated the contracting arrangement stipulated since the year 2020. • Proposed solution for potable water supply: Eng. Kerwin Campos (ICAA) presented a proposal for improvements to the Miravalles, San José water supply system (Sistema de Acueducto); which encompasses the following objectives: carry out the necessary improvements to the Miravalles pumping station (estación de bombeo), design and construct the force main from the pumping station to the Miravalles tank site, improve the storage tank infrastructure and complementary works to facilitate its operation and maintenance, design and install the distribution network (red de distribución), and communal supply points (puntos de abastecimiento comunal) for non-subscribers (no abonados). The design is estimated to be ready around November 2021. It is clarified that the number of communal supply points will vary depending on the results of the topographic survey (levantamiento topográfico), the projected water volume, and the comprehensive design.
Said supply points must be located on public roads." It states that at the meeting of April 7, 2021, the following topics were addressed: "• Topographic survey: ICAA communicates that the topographic survey of the area of interest will commence; this area will include Miravalles II as well as Dirección02, in order to have a comprehensive overview of the problem. The communal supply points will also be taken into account. • Community outreach: starting April 11, staff from the Municipalidad de Curridabat will accompany the ICAA topographic team during their reconnaissance visit; additionally, work will be undertaken to identify community leaders (male and female) to ensure representation, and workshops will be held to develop a citizens' agenda supporting the social pact." It estimates that the interinstitutional commission (comisión interinstitucional) has been reactivated and that the Sala granted a period of 24 months to comply with the ordered measures, so there is still time to comply with what was ordered or to request an extension of the deadline.
It emphasizes that the following actions have been taken: "• Agreement to address the existing situation through the construction of a Comprehensive Urban Project (Proyecto Urbano Integral), whose methodology is based on social urbanism (urbanismo social) and includes a technical-engineering component, spatial analysis, and social and cultural analysis of the territory's elements. This project is intended to be developed by the Municipalidad de Curridabat together with the other institutions involved, as a comprehensive response to the problems faced by this population. • Given that the Ministry of Health is the registered owner (propietario registral) of the land and in order to implement the aforementioned project, through official letter MS-DM-CB-27-2020 the Municipalidad de Curridabat was notified of this Ministry's willingness to donate the land where the informal settlement Miravalles II is located.
(Expediente 8.4-2.07.003, Folios 00665 al 00666) • Hazard and vulnerability studies for slope instability (inestabilidad de laderas) are available for the canton of Curridabat, as well as a territorial information survey of the Miravalles Community carried out by the Municipalidad de Curridabat; these studies were conducted in 2018; however, they must be updated, and it is also expected that a study delimiting mitigable and non-mitigable risk areas (riesgo mitigable y no mitigable) at the site will be produced, to be contracted by the Municipal entity, in order to determine at a local scale the risk areas and identify specifically which families must be relocated for their own safety. • Development of a social pact through the contracting of a consulting firm by the Municipal entity, with the purpose of georeferencing (georreferenciando) community leaders, developing and strengthening social dialogue processes, raising awareness of the importance of safeguarding public infrastructure and of community co-responsibility (corresponsabilidad comunitaria) so as to prevent it from being vandalized in various ways, and addressing the need to unify the communities of Miravalles I and II. • A proposed solution by ICAA for potable water supply, which includes carrying out improvements to the Miravalles pumping station, designing and constructing the force main from the pumping station to the Miravalles tank site, improving the storage tank infrastructure and complementary works to facilitate its operation and maintenance, designing and installing the distribution network, and communal supply points for non-subscribers.
ICAA estimates that works will be completed by November 2021." It clarifies, with regard to the eviction of families in risk zones (zonas de riesgo), that the health regulatory area (área rectora) has no pending sanitary order (orden sanitaria) to be executed in the Miravalles II sector, as only the eviction of Nombre05 was processed, and that eviction was carried out. It adds that the Sala granted the Health Regulatory Area a period of six months to address the sewage (aguas negras) problem, for which the following actions were taken: "I. That on October 3, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019, received on October 15, 2019, the acting mayor of the Municipalidad de Curridabat, Ms. Alicia Borja Rodríguez, was asked for information on the delimitation of the La Ponderosa community, in order to proceed with scheduling the dye tests (pruebas de coloración) to be carried out at the reported site.
(Expediente 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00054) II. That on October 3, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019, received on October 15, 2019, Mr. Douglas Alvarado, Director of the Territorial Information System of the Municipalidad de Curridabat, was asked for information on the property owners (propietarios de los inmuebles) of the La Ponderosa community, in order to expedite the process of notifying sanitary orders to the persons on whose properties sewage from their dwellings is being disposed of improperly. (Expediente 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00055) III. That in response to official letters MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019 and MSDRRSCS CU-1320-20219, official letters SC-DSIT-SIG-0453-10-2019, MC-ALC-1448 10-2019MC-CIT-0022-2019, MC-ALC-1466-10-2019, MC-CIT-0021-2019 were issued, providing the information requested by this Ministry regarding the territorial delimitation of the La Ponderosa community and the property owners of that same sector.
(Expediente 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00056 al 00062) IV. That from October 24, 2019 to February 12, 2020, 21 dwellings in the La Ponderosa neighborhood were inspected to verify the disposal of sewage in dwellings located in the sector referenced in the complaint, where dye tests using sodium fluorescein (fluoresceína sódica) were conducted on the sanitary facilities of the dwellings. V. That from January 2020, health authorities activated the international epidemiological health emergency protocols (protocolos de emergencia epidemiológica sanitaria internacional) due to the outbreak of a new coronavirus in China. The World Health Organization (WHO) alert of January 30, 2020 was issued after a new type of coronavirus was detected in the city of Wuhan, in the Province of Hubei, China, which has caused deaths in various countries around the world. Coronaviruses (CoV) are a broad family of viruses that can cause various conditions, ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases, such as the coronavirus causing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), the one causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the one causing COVID-19.
VI. That on March 16, 2020, the President of the Republic of Costa Rica declared a national state of emergency (estado de emergencia nacional) throughout the territory of the Republic of Costa Rica, due to the public health emergency caused by COVID-19 disease, N° 42227 - MP – S. Consequently, despite the fact that the national state of emergency due to the Coronavirus was not decreed until mid-March 2020, the Ministry of Health and its regional and local areas had been focused on responding to the national emergency caused by said pandemic for weeks prior, interfering with the regular processing of complaints, including the dye testing process in Dirección03 and the notification of the corresponding administrative acts (actos administrativos). VII.
VII.That on July 16, 2020, through notification from the Sala Constitucional, a disobedience motion (gestión de desobediencia) filed at nine hours and twenty-five minutes of July sixteenth, two thousand and twenty by petitioner (recurrente) Nombre01, identification number CED01, was received; the magistrate granted a hearing to the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat to appear regarding the matter of sewage (aguas negras) in La Ponderosa. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00102, 00103)
VIII.That on July 22, 2020, the Sala Constitucional was notified by means of official letter MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1248-2021 of the actions taken by this Ministry specifically with respect to the intervention concerning wastewater (aguas residuales) in the La Ponderosa sector, reporting an approximate compliance progress of 32%; however, due to the Declaration of Emergency (Declaratoria de Emergencia) issued by Decreto Ejecutivo N°42227-MP-S, it was necessary to prioritize and direct all efforts of this organizational unit toward addressing the public health emergency caused by COVID-19. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00094 through 00101)
IX.That pursuant to ruling Nº 2020020111 of the Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia dated October 20, 2020, the non-compliance motion (gestión de incumplimiento) was granted and Mr. Jimmy Cruz Jiménez, as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Curridabat, and Ms. Melissa Arguedas Arce, as Director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, were ordered to comply with the provisions of judgment Nº 2019-012231 of July 5, 2019, namely that within a period of 6 months they coordinate and resolve the matter of the complaint filed by Nombre01 on May 28, 2019, concerning the sewage problem in barrio La Ponderosa, and notify the complainant of the outcome. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00106 through 00116)
X.In order to comply with the provisions of ruling Nº 2020020111 of the Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia of October 20, 2020, proceedings were initiated to determine the handling and disposal of sewage generated by the dwellings located in the area of influence of the existing stormwater (aguas pluviales) drainage, in accordance with the map provided by the Municipalidad de Curridabat identifying the properties to be addressed; internal logistical steps were taken to determine the resources and materials required to carry out the intervention, namely performing dye tests (prueba de coloración) on the toilet fixtures (servicios sanitarios) of the dwellings.
XI.That on October 23, 2020, through official letter MC-PMA-1254-10-2020, the Municipalidad de Curridabat requested that actions be resumed in connection with the resolution of Sala Constitucional ruling 2019012231, and requested that a work schedule for addressing the problem be shared with them for that purpose. In response to this request, on November 9th, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSCU-2275-2020, the Municipal Corporation (Corporación Municipal) was notified of the requested information, so as to secure the support of that institution through the officials of its river maintenance crew (cuadrilla (sic) de ríos) for the on-site verification of the dye applications to be conducted. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00117 through 00120)
XII.That through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSCU-3072-2020 dated November 20, 2020, the Municipalidad de Curridabat was notified of an adjustment to the field inspection schedule, extending the dates for the intervention in the La Ponderosa sector. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00210 and 00212)
XIII.That based on the established schedule, the La Ponderosa sector was intervened and dye tests were carried out for that purpose, consisting of staining the water with sodium fluorescein (fluoresceína sódica), an orange-colored solid that, when dissolved in water, takes on a greenish hue. This procedure is the only method used by the Ministry of Health to determine the handling and disposal of sewage generated by the dwellings in the sector under intervention.
XIV.On November 2, 3, 6, 11, 16, 17, 25, and 26, 2020; December 14, 15, 16, and 17, 2020; and January 19, 20, and 22, 2021, on-site inspections were carried out at the designated location, during which fluorescein was applied to the toilet fixtures of each dwelling. A reasonable period of time was allowed, after which the results of the test were verified at two points: one at an exposed channel on the west side of the sports field, and another at a culvert located on the property of Ms. Nombre06. The verification was carried out with the support of the Municipalidad de Curridabat officials (river maintenance crew) assigned for that purpose.
XV.By February 2021, a total of 106 inspections had been completed, both effective and ineffective. The following situations arose in the latter category: no one was found at home, only minors were present in the dwelling, access was denied, or there were COVID-positive individuals in the dwelling preventing entry; these inspections were rescheduled until they could be completed effectively. A total of 73 effective dye tests were completed, of which 47 yielded a positive result and 26 a negative result; despite multiple inspections, dye tests in 5 dwellings could not be completed. Based on the data reported, an approximately 95% compliance rate has been achieved for the intervention of the dwellings identified in that sector. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00121 through 00164, 00166 through 00206, 00213 through 00253, 00256 through 00266, 00270 through 00331)
XVI.Based on the results obtained from the dye test carried out, an on-site technical report of the results was served upon the parties, together with a sanitary order (orden sanitaria) requiring property owners to correct the improper disposal of wastewater. The sanitary order stipulated a period of 90 business days, the expiration of which falls, according to the notification issued to each owner, between the months of March and June of the current year.
XVII.That during the execution of an institutional intervention, the following significant findings were identified: • Illegal connections of wastewater to stormwater pipes (tubería pluvial) • Existence of pipes installed within the properties for stormwater drainage that are not registered on the stormwater map provided by the municipal authority, a situation that required repeating several dye tests that had originally yielded negative results but subsequently tested positive in these uninventoried pipes. • Limited space on the properties to install a septic tank (tanque séptico) and drainage systems • Owners of the dwellings stated that the Municipalidad had instructed them to connect to the stormwater pipe at the time of its installation. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folio 349)
XVIII.That on February 2, 2021, a virtual meeting was held with the Municipalidad de Curridabat, at which the progress made by this Ministry in the case of Wastewater in the La Ponderosa Sector — Sala Constitucional ruling 19-003040-0007-CO — was presented, and the need for ICAA's participation in the intervention in this sector, as well as for information regarding the sanitary sewer system (alcantarillado sanitario), was also put forward. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00335 through 00341)
XIX.That on February 12, 2021, a virtual meeting was held with the Municipalidad de Curridabat and the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, at which it was established that "…As of this date, there are no primary or secondary networks in this sector, nor any primary or secondary collectors that ICAA could use to address this problem…" "…The Environmental Improvement Project for the Metropolitan Area (Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana) was intended to begin in 2020–2021; however, due to a lack of financing, the project has not been able to commence; it has been revised and could potentially be completed between 2026 and 2027…" (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00342 through 00343)
XX.That on February 12, 2021, by means of an email, a request was made to Eng. Marco Fidel Vargas Quiroga, manager of the Environmental Improvement Project Executing Unit (Unidad Ejecutora del Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental) of ICAA, for an update report on the progress of the Environmental Improvement Project for the collection and treatment of wastewater corresponding to the district of Tirrases de Curridabat, specifically in the locality of La Ponderosa. At the time this report was closed, the information requested from ICAA had not been submitted. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folio 00345)
XXI.That on March 10, 2021, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-634-2021, a response was provided to official letter MC-PMA-003-01-2021, in which the Municipalidad de Curridabat had requested to be informed of the progress of the intervention carried out by this Ministry in the aforementioned sector. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00333 through 00334 and 00347 through 00351)
XXII.That on April 13, official letter MC-DGV-0624-04-2021 was received, signed by Eng. Randall Rodríguez Araya, Director of Road Management (Gestión Vial) of the Municipalidad de Curridabat, in which he states, among other things, "…the pipes that were originally identified were placed by the residents themselves; they discharge directly into the La Ponderosa drainage ditch (acequia) (open channel (canal abierto)), and according to report MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-IT-0063-2021 from the Ministry of Health, it is the pipe in which the fluorescein tests were conducted; it is clarified, however, that since those pipes pass beneath the houses on private property, they do not belong to the municipal stormwater system…". (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00363 through 00366)
XXIII.That upon the expiration of the validity period of the sanitary orders issued to the various owners of the inspected dwellings, and in accordance with the installed capacity of this Ministry, verification of compliance with the sanitary orders will proceed during the following dates: June 28 through July 9, 2021, for those dwellings where improper disposal of wastewater was confirmed, and in the event of non-compliance, proceedings will be initiated in accordance with the law. It is the assessment of the Área Rectora de Salud Curridabat that it has not been remiss in complying with what was ordered by the Sala, notwithstanding that the actions of the Ministry of Health have been focused on addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. It is requested that the disobedience motion be dismissed.
Thus, in pursuit of this chronological and technical coordination, and for the purpose of effectively complying with the orders issued by this Sala Constitucional, but under the obligation to manage public resources in the most efficient manner, the Municipalidad has been in ongoing communications and meetings with AyA officials, without, to date, having received a concrete response regarding the details of the sanitation (saneamiento) project for the Gran Área Metropolitana, specifically in the area at issue, such as: a description of the project, construction plans, cost estimates for the works together with the economic calculation of their maintenance, the current status of works progress, and short- and medium-term projections for meeting the planning schedule, as well as a technical assessment of the feasibility of carrying out targeted projects to address what was ordered by the Sala Constitucional versus the comprehensive sanitation project that AyA intends to develop, in order to confirm whether or not there is redundancy between the construction of the treatment plant (planta de tratamiento) and the aforementioned sanitation project." It states that the foregoing is corroborated by the recording of the meeting held on 15 February 2021, official communications (oficios) MC-ALC-0083-02-2021 of February 2021 and MC-ALC-ASHC-0004-03-2021 of March 2021, as well as emails sent to the UEPAPS Management of ICAA on March 9 and 10 and April 7, all in 2021.
It states that it has received no response whatsoever from ICAA. It indicates that the municipal corporation analyzed a third option consisting of piping the wastewater (aguas residuales) to discharge into a river. It notes that, through official communication MC-PMA-0241-05-2021, the Department of Environmental Protection stated: "a possible piping of the drainage ditch (acequia) la Ponderosa to channel all wastewater toward the río Tiríbí (sic) without prior treatment is not an environmentally sound alternative, as it runs counter to international and national commitments to improve the environmental conditions of waterways (…) In Curridabat, the municipality manages the stormwater drainage system (alcantarillado pluvial) but does not manage the sanitary sewage system (alcantarillado sanitario) or the drinking-water supply network; the latter two are led by the Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AYA).
In 2019, the Contraloría General de la República de Costa Rica (CGR) conducted audit DFOEDL-IF-00012-2019, in which it flagged the connection of wastewater to the stormwater drainage system in several areas, and consequently issued a series of directives to correct the irregularities. The Municipalidad therefore developed an inspection, detection, and monitoring model that operates both internally and in coordination with other institutions such as the Ministerio de Salud and AYA, which was approved by the CGR. In Tirrases, in the La Ponderosa area, the Municipalidad built a stormwater channeling system around 2015 that discharges into the río Tiribí (sic). However, the illegal connections made by residents to the acequia la Troja and to pipes built by the residents themselves — which arose from an informal settlement (asentamiento informal) on land belonging to the Instituto Nacional de Vivienda — continue unlawfully; this is a consideration that I find important to mention: the illegal connections are no longer observed in the stormwater drainage system but rather in a pipe built by the residents and in a drainage ditch.
Moreover, should illegal connections to the stormwater system be detected, the procedure endorsed by the CGR in 2020 would be applied. A report commissioned by the Municipalidad (F-130-IEF-03: informe estudio factibilidad del cauce de agua pluvial la ponderosa Curridabat, licitación 2018LA-000046-01) states that it is not feasible to collect greywater (aguas servidas), sewage (aguas negras), or stormwater from irregular structures and manage them separately, and its recommendation focuses on removing the illegal structures so that individual treatment can be carried out on a case-by-case basis. The La Ponderosa drainage ditch presents very poor environmental conditions, among which is severely degraded water quality; according to report F-130, in 2018 the BMWP-CR index stood at 7, with dipterans (flies) being the predominant organisms. The biochemical oxygen demand (demanda bioquímica de oxígeno) is very high at 465 mgO2/l, which is proportional to the high bacterial concentration of 90000/100ml.
These conditions limit the survival of aquatic fauna such as fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, which in turn reduces the resilience capacity. Channeling these waters by piping the drainage ditch, without implementing treatment processes to comply with surface-water discharge (vertidos) regulations, would amount — in addition to the economic investment required — to the development of a project that would ratify and formally sanction a process of environmental contamination of the río Tiribí, effectively transferring the problem downstream. According to the Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goal #6 states, for example, that Governments shall work on the subject of "Clean Water and Sanitation," for which the following target has been developed: to improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping, and minimizing the release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater, and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally.
In addition, Target 6.6 states that water-related ecosystems must be protected and restored, including forests, mountains, wetlands, rivers, aquifers, and lakes." The Política Nacional para el resguardo y recuperación de Áreas de Protección y de ríos y Quebradas establishes three work axes with their guidelines and objectives. Guideline 1.3 states that "the competent institutions responsible for implementing this policy shall promote the development and application of standardized tools, methodologies, protocols, and procedures for delineating and assessing the current condition of the protection areas (áreas de protección) of rivers, streams (quebradas), brooks, and springs (nacientes), as well as for carrying out the corresponding recovery and rehabilitation processes." Furthermore, Guideline 3.3 provides: "Local governments, in their role as local land administrators, must integrate rivers and their protection areas (AP) into the cantonal regulatory plans (planes reguladores), urban renewal plans, and other land-use planning and development instruments, in order to contribute to the recovery, rehabilitation, management, and protection of these spaces, thereby promoting the well-being of the population of each canton in the country.
(…)." It submits that the municipality has complied with the orders issued, insofar as it has coordinated matters relating to the sewage problem reported on 28 May 2021, but that this is a task that must be carried out jointly with ICAA and the Ministerio de Salud. It maintains that the foregoing means that the Municipalidad de Curridabat is necessarily dependent on the progress made by each institution involved. It denies that the local government has been idle in seeking a possible and legally viable solution for the treatment of sewage in the La Ponderosa sector. It submits that, with respect to the water supply shortage (desabastecimiento) in the Miravalles I sector, the municipality is still within the allotted timeframe. It further specifies that "Regarding the request that the petitioner states has not been addressed — namely, number 9636 — it is communicated that through official communication MC-ALC-0344-05-2021, a special session (sesión extraordinaria) of the Concejo Municipal has been convened in order to provide it with the relevant judicial details concerning this amparo proceeding (amparo) and the corresponding actions, said session to be held on 24 May 2021 at 18:00 hours." It requests that the contempt motion (gestión de desobediencia) be dismissed.
It requests that ICAA be ordered to address and resolve the queries raised, so that the analysis and implementation of solutions may proceed. It requests that an extension of the granted deadline be considered.
It argues that ICAA "acted within the framework permitted by the Legal Order (Ordenamiento Jurídico), seeking and weighing, in this particular case, the general welfare and public interest over the private interest of the petitioner (recurrente), not only with respect to the scope of the works carried out on the potable water supply system by means of Cisterns; but also by joining the inter-institutional working team ordered by this Court in Resolución N°2019012231, as well as in compliance not only with the mandates set forth in its Ley Constitutiva de AYA, but also with the declaration of a national state of emergency arising from the situation caused by COVID-19, which prioritized institutional activities." It requests that the petition filed be dismissed.
They clarify that, although ICAA is the competent authority to resolve the drinking water distribution problem, the Municipality of Curridabat has coordinated the search for a solution through the establishment of dialogue forums with the various institutions, where agreement was reached on improving the drinking water supply system for the communities of Miravalles and Dirección02 by means of: "• Carrying out the necessary improvements to the Miravalles pumping station. • Designing and constructing the force main from the pumping station to the Miravalles tank site. • Improving the infrastructure of the storage tank and the complementary works that facilitate its operation and maintenance. • Designing and installing the distribution network. The ICAA GAM Sub-Directorate assigned a surveying team, which carried out the necessary topographic survey during April and May of the current year; this constitutes an input being used in the preparation of the design.
Likewise, the following significant tasks have been carried out: 1. The Municipality's Risk Management Department, applying the Coordination Principle, has been responsible for coordinating the various inter-institutional Technical Working Groups that were activated, including those on: Social Issues, Drinking Water Supply, Risk, and Legal Advisory. All minutes and agreements from these groups are attached. 2. Contract 2019CD-000123-01 Services for the survey of territorial occupation data in the community of Miravalles, Curridabat. The Municipality provided budgetary resources to conduct a survey of territorial occupation data in the community of Miravalles, through participatory strategies including a gender perspective, spatial analysis, and the application of a tool to identify land holdings and compile the information in a database. That study revealed that, as of the end of 2019, there were 115 families and 697 people in Miravalles II.
This study is fundamental for guiding decision-making with respect to the complex problem at the site and for providing AyA with a clear picture of the actual demand for water resources in the area. 3. Generation of a Social Compact (Pacto Social), through direct contract No. 2019CD-000123-01 titled 'Services for the Survey of Territorial Occupation Data in the Community of Miravalles II, Tirrases, Curridabat,' at an approximate cost of ¢22.290.000, for which the company Global Code Tecnologies is carrying out the intervention in the area. As a result of the working sessions with ICAA, the need to mediate with the Miravalles community was identified, so that the proposed solution would not be vandalized. To this end, the Municipality has been working on developing a Social Compact methodology that is already under way and is scheduled for completion on July 18, 2021, the date set for the parties to sign.
Anexo 4 contains the proposed Methodology document and Anexo 5 a work schedule. 4. Additionally, the new institutional organizational chart has strengthened the Culture of Peace Department (Departamento Cultura de Paz), one of whose strategic goals is to implement actions for the prevention of violence and the promotion of a culture of peace with the various social stakeholders; once the Social Compact is established, community outreach follow-up will be necessary. 5. COVID-19 Emergency Response: The Municipal Emergency Committee has been working under the Shared Management Model 'Costa Rica Trabaja y se Cuida,' one of the strategic pillars of which has been community outreach, enabling collaboration alongside community leaders—both men and women—throughout the canton (including Miravalles, which was prioritized among vulnerable communities) on topics such as the promotion of hygiene practices and preventive measures against COVID-19, emotional first aid, self-care, and safe protocols for collecting, storing, and distributing donations.
On January 20 of the current year, Municipal staff accompanied ICAA staff during the water tanker truck supply run, with the aim of assessing the community's leadership dynamics and the organizational mechanism used by the community to collect water resources (a Photographic Record is attached)." They add that, through reports MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1248-2020 and MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1226-2021, the Health Governance Area of Curridabat reported the actions taken in order to comply with the order regarding the reactivation of the Miravalles Inter-institutional Commission. They note that the final improvements with respect to the direct provision of drinking water are delimited by water capacity and by the design and implementation processes of the project established by ICAA. They explain, with regard to the Court's rulings on the execution of evictions and the resolution of the May 28, 2018 complaint concerning the sewage problem, that "although AyA's representatives stated in their reply brief that the Ministry of Health had issued a sanitary eviction order due to the instability of the sector, the fact is that no such sanitary order exists, and therefore it is currently not possible to carry out any eviction.
Furthermore, promoting an eviction should be one of the last available options, on the understanding that these settlements are practically consolidated; if that is the case, it is a process that cannot be carried out by the Municipality alone but must be a joint process with Central Government entities that can provide comprehensive housing assistance, with all the time that such a process might require. In addition, the Mayor's Office has designated an Internal Commission to address this matter, since it has been determined that this situation does not call for a mass eviction but rather that the relevant studies must be conducted to identify the areas to be vacated; to this end, the following work has been done: 1. Slope Instability. The Comprehensive Risk Management Department has been working to update the information contained in the Technical Reports of the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response (CNE) regarding the assessment of slope instability (inestabilidad de laderas) risk at the site.
Accordingly, on January 13, 2021 (Anexo 6), the results of the study 'Slope Instability in the Canton of Curridabat' were presented to Geologist Lidier Esquivel, Head of the Risk Analysis Department at CNE; the results indicate that the risk classified as very high vulnerability in the community of Miravalles corresponds to a portion of the community, not the entirety of it. Agreement was reached with CNE that the technical reports issued by that institution need to be updated and that none of them had included detailed geotechnical studies. Likewise, it was agreed that CNE will assist in validating a new study needed to zone areas of mitigable and non-mitigable risk. 2. Contract 2021LA-000009-0023100001 titled 'Engineering Services for Full and Complete Integral Design (Plans, Budget) of Risk Management Works in the Canton of Curridabat.' The Municipalidad de Curridabat has allocated budgetary funds and is managing the contracting process, for an amount of ¢60.000.000, of which ¢8.750.000 correspond to contracting line #2 concerning the Miravalles II Slope Stability study — Analysis of hillside stability (estabilidad de laderas) with geotechnical studies (estudios geotécnicos) in identified high-risk zones — and the technical evaluation of bids (admissibility and qualification requirements) is currently being prepared.
This study is a very important input for guiding decision-making regarding the risk situation at the site." They state, in relation to this order, that "in the brief submitted in response to the filing of this constitutional writ (amparo), by the representatives of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados regarding the DAJ-F-847-09 of April 28, 2009, which constitutes a pending sanitary eviction order (orden sanitaria de desalojo) to be executed in the Miravalles II Community Sector, they are incorrect, because, as was communicated to that Authority through reports MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1248-2020 and MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1226-2021 and in accordance with the administrative file maintained in this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud), there is no pending sanitary eviction order to be executed. Since the reactivation of the Miravalles Inter-institutional Commission (Comisión Interinstitucional Miravalles), the analysis and intervention of the Miravalles II Community has been placed on the working table, not only for the determination of terrain vulnerability but also of the necessary actions for the formalization of the informal settlement (asentamiento informal), as can be inferred from what is cited in reports MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1248-2020 and MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1226-2021.
The Ministry of Health, the registered owner of the land, during December 2019 and January 2020, held meetings together with the Municipal entity in order to develop actions in the approach to the Miravalles II population, and thus, through official communication MS-DM-CB-27-2020, the Municipalidad de Curridabat was notified of its willingness to donate the land where the informal settlement Miravalles II is located, a synergy required for the eventual implementation of the Comprehensive Urban Project presented by the Municipal Corporation, envisioned by the Commission members as a comprehensive solution to the problems facing this population. The project methodology is based on social urbanism (urbanismo social), which includes a technical engineering component, spatial analysis, and social and cultural analysis of the elements of the territory. However, this proposal was not materialized because a definitive solution was required for the provision of drinking water and the updating of studies on threats and vulnerability due to hillside instability in the Miravalles Community, as well as the on-site delineation of mitigable and non-mitigable risk, prior to defining an urban reorganization — determining which families would eventually need to be relocated due to risks to their physical integrity and which sectors could undergo formal construction processes.
During the years 2020 and 2021, given the serious situation generated by the national health emergency due to the COVID-19 disease, the actions of this Ministry have remained almost entirely focused on concentrating and maximizing the efforts of all health personnel for the containment and prevention of COVID-19, as well as verification actions for national guidelines and directives in response to the health emergency. Despite this situation, which is known to the Judicial Authorities, this Health Authority, with absolute rigor and observance of national guidelines in accordance with the epidemiological progress caused by the pandemic, has held meetings with the General Directorate of Health, as well as designated officials from other directorates such as the Administrative Directorate, the Directorate of Legal Affairs, the Directorate of Radiological Protection and Environmental Health, the Vice-Ministry, and the Governance Unit of the Central South Regional Directorate, in order to establish a work plan for the intervention of the Miravalles informal settlement, which aims for the following actions: an updated topographic survey of the land, for which, through official communications MS-DGS-1765-2021 and MS-DGS-1765-2021, support was requested from CNE so as to facilitate the use of drone technology to complement the topographic work; official communication MSDFB-UGI-240-2021 directed to the Municipalidad de Curridabat, requesting the provision of cadastral information for properties located in the Miravalles II sector, with the purpose of delimiting the legally established properties on the plot — and at this date the final topographic study remains pending, as the information generated by the photogrammetric flight (vuelo fotogramétrico) in the study area by CNE is still awaited; however, a first progress report is already available containing sheets with contour lines (curvas de nivel) and longitudinal profiles (perfiles longitudinales) in the area of the slopes and the boundary of the Ministry's property.
Once the final topographic study is available from this Ministry and the input to be generated by the Municipal entity through the hillside stability analysis with geotechnical studies in order to determine mitigable and non-mitigable risk zones is obtained, the engineering study of the housing conditions in the zones according to the vulnerability and threat conditions reflected by the cited studies will proceed. These inputs are of high relevance for decision-making in the comprehensive intervention of this sector." They estimate that the relevant material actions have been taken to comply with what was ordered by the Constitutional Chamber (Sala), within the parameters of legality, operability, and administrative considerations. They emphasize the launch of ICAA's Miravalles I water supply system improvement project, which aims to definitively resolve the quantity and continuity problems of the community.
They note that for such a project to achieve its objective, the social working group (mesa social) of the inter-institutional commission, which interacts directly with the population of the Miravalles sector, has been vital. They emphasize that "according to the established timeline, it has already entered execution as of April 2021, with the design phase estimated to conclude in February 2022 and the final execution phase in May 2024." They note that among the latest actions carried out by the social working group, the following working sessions stand out: "Social Pact Advisory Sessions of February 18, 2020, April 1, 2020 at CDH La Cometa, April 15, 2020 Comisión Interinstitucional Miravalles, 7/05/2020 Comisión Interinstitucional Miravalles - Mesa Social and February 11, 2021," as well as coordination with the community to supply water during rationing periods through water tanker trucks (camiones cisterna), and the construction of a social pact that establishes agreements with social actors seeking to prevent vandalism of water infrastructure.
They highlight the review of the document "SERVICIOS DE CONSULTORÍA PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN PARA LA FIRMA DEL PACTO SOCIAL EN LA COMUNIDAD MIRAVALLES, TIRRASES, CURRIDABAT" and the proposal to begin community working workshops to communicate to the community's residents the basic aspects of the ICAA project's execution and its components. They note that the appellant Nombre01 has never been a participant of the social working group, and therefore has not been party to the agreements communicated to the beneficiaries of the Miravalles sector, which is why their lack of knowledge about the work carried out is evident. They note that they will be submitting periodic reports in relation to the Miravalles I water supply system improvement project. They argue, in relation to the complaint filed on May 28, 2018 regarding sewage (aguas negras) in the La Ponderosa community, that the Municipalidad de Curridabat and the Health Governing Area presented the actions taken; furthermore, through the brief of May 11, 2021, the municipal corporation requested an extension of the deadline to resolve said complaint.
They request that the deadline granted in judgment n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019 be extended until the end of May 2024, given that it is materially impossible to implement the project "MEJORAS AL SISTEMA DE ACUEDUCTOS DE MIRAVALLES 1, SAN JOSÉ" within the deadline initially granted by the Constitutional Chamber.
Opinion authored by Justice Esquivel Rodríguez; and,
Considering:
I.On the ruling issued in the principal judgment of these proceedings. In judgment no. 2019-012231, issued at 9:30 hours on July 5, 2019, the Court ordered, in the relevant part, the following:
"Por tanto:
The appeal (recurso) is granted. Hernán Masís Quesada, Alicia Borja Rodríguez, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta, and Manuel Rosales Caamaño — respectively the President of the Municipal Council (Concejo Municipal) of Curridabat, the Mayor of Curridabat, the Executive President of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions — are hereby ordered, within the non-extendable period of 3 days, to issue the corresponding directives within the scope of their respective competences, for the purpose of reactivating the inter-institutional commission (Comisión Interinstitucional) convened by the Defensoría de los Habitantes to address the water-supply shortage (desabastecimiento de agua) in the housing development (proyecto urbanístico) Miravalles I, so that the necessary measures to definitively resolve this problem may be carried out in a coordinated manner within a maximum period of 24 months from notification of this judgment.
Likewise, Alicia Borja Rodríguez and Manuel Rosales Caamaño — respectively the Mayor of Curridabat and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions — are ordered to immediately coordinate and adopt the necessary measures and carry out the respective evictions (desalojos) of those families residing in the risk zones (zonas de riesgo) identified since 2009 whose physical safety currently remains at risk; and, within 6 months, to coordinate and resolve the matter concerning the complaint (denuncia) filed by the appellant on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage problem (problema de aguas negras), and to notify the appellant of the resolution reached. The foregoing is issued with the warning (apercibimiento) that, pursuant to Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on any person who receives an order — issued in a writ of amparo (recurso de amparo) — that they are required to comply with or enforce, and who fails to comply with or enforce it, provided that the conduct is not more severely penalized under another provision.
The Municipalidad de Curridabat, the State, and the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados are ordered to pay the costs (costas), damages, and losses (daños y perjuicios) caused by the acts that form the basis for this declaration, which shall be assessed in enforcement proceedings before the administrative courts (ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo). This ruling shall be personally served on Hernán Masís Quesada, Alicia Borja Rodríguez, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta, and Manuel Rosales Caamaño — respectively the President of the Municipal Council of Curridabat, the Mayor of Curridabat, the Executive President of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions, or whoever may hold those positions; and also on the Executive President of IMAS, the Minister of Housing and Human Settlements (Ministra de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos), and the Defensoría de los Habitantes. Justice Salazar Alvarado files a separate note regarding the sewage issue." (Underlining not in the original.)
That judgment was served on the Executive President of IMAS on July 9, 2019; on the Minister of Housing and Human Settlements on July 10, 2019; on the Mayor of Curridabat, the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, and the Defensoría de los Habitantes on July 11, 2019; on the President of the Municipal Council of Curridabat on July 16, 2019; and on the Executive President of ICAA on July 19, 2019.
II.By interlocutory judgment (sentencia interlocutoria) no. 2020-020111, issued at 9:40 hours on October 20, 2020, the Court ruled:
"III.- On the non-compliance motion (gestión de incumplimiento). In the instant case, a complete reading of the subsequent motion reveals that the protected party (tutelado) alleges non-compliance with the ruling set forth in judgment no. 2019-012231, issued at 9:30 hours on July 5, 2019, solely with respect to the following: '(…) Alicia Borja Rodríguez and Manuel Rosales Caamaño — respectively the Mayor of Curridabat and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions — are ordered to (…) within 6 months, coordinate and resolve the matter concerning the complaint filed by the appellant on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage problem, and to notify the appellant of the resolution reached.' In that regard, the protected party claims that Alicia Borja Rodríguez and Manuel Rosales Caamaño — respectively the Mayor of Curridabat and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat — were ordered, within 6 months, to coordinate and resolve the matter concerning the complaint filed by the appellant on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage problem, and to notify the appellant of the resolution reached; and he further explains that the complaint was filed due to a series of threats to the population, given the existence of a sewage flow at gutter channel level (a nivel de cordón de caño) in Dirección 07 in Tirrases; however, as of the date of filing of the present motion, the protected party has no indication that the Área Rectora de Salud has issued any sanitary order (orden sanitaria), nor that the respondent authorities have addressed the reported problem, and accordingly alleges partial non-compliance with the principal judgment of these proceedings, given that the six-month period for resolving the sewage problem in the area has already elapsed.
The protected party requests that the judgment be enforced with respect to the partial non-compliance and asks that the technical justifications submitted by the respondent authorities not be accepted.
In this regard, the Mayor of Curridabat stated that, with respect to the complaint filed by the protected party on May 28, 2018, concerning the sewage issue, the following actions were carried out: '• The required information to begin identifying the problem was gathered and shared, including a topographic survey (levantamiento topográfico), property registry information, and site delineation, as well as a map of the area of interest showing the stormwater pipes (tuberías pluviales) — indicated as lines — inventoried by the Road Management Directorate (Dirección de Gestión Vial) of that sector and draining toward the body of water under analysis, nodes corresponding to wells, inspection chambers (cajas de registro), or other elements connecting pipe segments, bodies of water, and properties. • The initial inspections to detect contamination problems, and the joint presence of the Municipalidad de Curridabat alongside the Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Salud), took place between November and December 2019 on four separate dates, with an average of four dye tests (coloraciones) per date, covering both residential dwellings and commercial establishments.
Regarding this last item [sic], it is important to note that the Municipality requires the involvement of the Ministry of Health in order to verify from which property or parcel (predio) the improper connection originates and to proceed with the corresponding notification. Furthermore, according to information from the Ministry, additional fieldwork is still required; however, it has not been possible to carry it out during 2020. At the beginning of this year, official communication MC-PMA 0104-01-2020 was submitted to the Ministry [sic] of Health, outlining a strategy for addressing diffuse contamination (contaminación difusa) in waterways within the canton of Curridabat, with special emphasis on ruling no. 2019012231 of the Sala Constitucional of the Corte Suprema de Justicia. Meeting dates were proposed to discuss the issues and progress in the case; however, those dates had to be cancelled by the Ministry of Health, as its current priority [sic] is to attend to public emergencies and manage the consequent availability of human resources, in compliance with Decreto Ejecutivo N°42221-S and ministerial guidelines in response to the COVID-19 public health alert.
Accordingly, the Ministry communicated to this municipal body that it was not possible to attend the meetings called, as the resources of that organizational unit are focused on addressing the public health emergency. The aforementioned dye tests require access to private property and the application of the fluorescein reagent (reactivo fluoresceína) to systems suspected of being connected to the stormwater drainage system; this therefore requires interaction among municipal officials, health personnel, residents of the dwelling, and owners or staff members of the commercial establishment visited. The foregoing [sic] is aimed at correcting violations and alterations to natural resources; however, it is important to note that we are adhering to the directives issued by the health sector's governing body regarding the sanitary measures necessary to reduce infections and protect officials, their families, and the community.' On the other hand, regarding the 6-month period granted to address the sewage problem, the acting Director (Directora a.i.) of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat stated that 'coordination was undertaken with the Municipalidad de Curridabat for the purpose of obtaining its support for this Área Rectora de Salud, using the resources at its disposal in the areas of cartography and property registry, in order to produce a survey of the area of influence of the reported sewage problem.
(…) A sketch map (croquis) was provided showing the location of the properties to be inspected, together with the owners' names, resulting in a total of 62 properties being identified. Using this information and the human and material resources available to this Área Rectora de Salud, a schedule was established for field visits to the area in order to carry out the respective dye tests at each identified dwelling, with the aim of determining the handling and disposal of sewage. The dye-testing process began in November 2019; this process is slow, given that only one dwelling can be tested at a time, and results must be awaited and verified at points that are difficult to access. The dye-testing process has progressed approximately 32%, as the national emergency declared by Decreto Ejecutivo No 42227-MP-S — "Declares a national state of emergency throughout the territory of the Republic of Costa Rica, due to the public health emergency caused by COVID-19 disease" — has required that the response to this emergency be prioritized.' Now, although the authorities described various actions taken to resolve the sewage problem alleged by the appellant, and further justified their failure to fully comply with the Court's order on the grounds of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is equally true that the six-month period granted expired in January 2020 — that is, before the Executive Branch issued decree no. 42227-MP-S, 'Declares a national state of emergency throughout the territory of the Republic of Costa Rica, due to the public health emergency caused by COVID-19 disease,' dated March 16, 2020.
In addition, the authorities did not file a request for an extension or submit any compliance schedule within the allotted period, and in any event, the record does not show that the appellant was notified of any such action." In light of the foregoing, this Court finds that non-compliance with the orders set forth in judgment n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, has been established, solely with respect to the Mayor of Curridabat and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, under the terms stated above. However, since the persons currently holding the positions of Mayor of Curridabat and Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat are not the same individuals upon whom judgment n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019 was served, the appropriate course of action is to order the current officeholders to comply with what was directed therein, as will be set forth in the operative section (parte dispositiva) of this ruling. (…)
Por tanto:
The non-compliance motion (gestión de incumplimiento) is granted. Jimmy Cruz Jiménez and Melissa Arguedas Arce, respectively the Mayor of Curridabat and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions, are hereby ordered to comply with the provisions of judgment n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, specifically the requirement that "within a period of 6 months they coordinate and resolve the matter concerning the complaint filed by the petitioner (recurrente) on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage (aguas negras) problem, and notify the petitioner of the resolution reached." The respondents (recurridos) are hereby warned that, pursuant to Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, a sentence of imprisonment from three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order—issued in an amparo proceeding—that they are required to comply with or enforce, and fails to comply with or enforce it, provided that the offense is not more severely penalized under another provision.
The third-party intervention (coadyuvancia) filed is declared inadmissible. This ruling shall be personally served on Jimmy Cruz Jiménez and Melissa Arguedas Arce, respectively the Mayor of Curridabat and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions." That ruling was served on the respondent authorities on October 26, 2020.
III.On the Non-Compliance Motion. In the present case, the petitioner files a contempt motion (gestión de desobediencia) with respect to judgment n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, stating that, after nearly two years, sewage continues to be illegally discharged onto public roads (vía pública) in the Tirrases sector. The petitioner states that residents who are current on their taxes continue to suffer from the unsanitary conditions stemming from this problem. The petitioner argues that there is a complete lack of road infrastructure, as well as of pipes, drainage conduits, and oversight over the territory and the condemned institutions. The petitioner contends that no solution has been provided, that the lack of potable water is ongoing, and that communication with the respondents is nonexistent. The petitioner considers that none of the respondent institutions has provided any communication regarding when and how the works ordered by the Court will be carried out.
The petitioner reproaches that nearly two years have elapsed since the judgment was issued without residents seeing any works carried out for their benefit. The petitioner argues that the sanitary eviction orders (órdenes sanitarias de desalojo) issued by the Ministry of Health will not be carried out, that sewage will continue to be discharged onto public roads and contaminate public health and rivers, which results in a permanent lack of potable water. beneath the asphalt layer. The petitioner questions: "Must we wait for another tragedy to occur in the Tirrases sector, such as the one that happened in April 2019, when a fierce fire destroyed 7 homes due to lack of water? Will we ever in our lifetime see a completed project that is of benefit to the Canton of Curridabat?" The petitioner requests that compliance with the orders set forth in judgment n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019 be ordered.
In this regard, it is appropriate to recall what was ordered by the Court in ruling n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, which stated: "Hernán Masís Quesada, Alicia Borja Rodríguez, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta, and Manuel Rosales Caamaño, respectively the President of the Concejo Municipal of Curridabat, the Mayor (Alcaldesa) of Curridabat, the Executive President of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions, are hereby ordered, within the non-extendable period (plazo improrrogable) of 3 days, to issue the respective orders within the scope of their authority, so that the Inter-institutional Commission (Comisión Interinstitucional) formed by the Defensoría de los Habitantes to address the water shortage (desabastecimiento de agua) problem in the urban development project (proyecto urbanístico) Miravalles I may be reactivated, so that, in a coordinated manner, the necessary actions are taken to definitively resolve said problem, within a maximum period of 24 months from notification of this judgment.
Likewise, Alicia Borja Rodríguez and Manuel Rosales Caamaño, respectively the Mayor of Curridabat and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions, are hereby ordered to immediately coordinate and adopt the necessary measures and carry out the respective evictions (desalojos) of those families residing in the risk zones (zonas de riesgo) identified since 2009 that currently pose a risk to their physical safety; and to, within a period of 6 months, coordinate and resolve the matter concerning the complaint filed by the petitioner on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage problem, and notify the petitioner of the resolution reached." In this regard, given that in the case at hand various orders were issued directed to different authorities, the appropriate course of action is to analyze each of them separately.
First, this Court ordered: "(…) Hernán Masís Quesada, Alicia Borja Rodríguez, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta, and Manuel Rosales Caamaño, respectively the President of the Concejo Municipal of Curridabat, the Mayor of Curridabat, the Executive President of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions, are hereby ordered, within the non-extendable period of 3 days, to issue the respective orders within the scope of their authority, so that the Inter-institutional Commission formed by the Defensoría de los Habitantes to address the water shortage problem in the urban development project Miravalles I may be reactivated, so that, in a coordinated manner, the necessary actions are taken to definitively resolve said problem, within a maximum period of 24 months from notification of this judgment.
(…)." On this point, from the reports filed and the evidence in the case record (autos), it follows that, since August 9, 2019, the inter-institutional commission for addressing the potable water shortage in Miravalles was reactivated and has held various working sessions. In view of this, no contempt of the Court's orders is observed with respect to that matter. Furthermore, it is noted that at the time the complainant (accionante) filed the contempt motion (May 2, 2021), the 24-month period granted by this Court to definitively resolve the Miravalles water problem was still in effect; therefore, the contempt motion must be dismissed with respect to this order.
However, it appears from the case record that the respondent authorities request that the Court extend the period granted to resolve the water shortage problem in the Miravalles sector until the end of May 2024.
On this point, the Court observes that the respondent authorities have implemented the provisional supply measure for the community of Miravalles through the use of water tanker trucks (camiones cisterna). Furthermore, it is established that ICAA is developing the project "Mejoras al sistema de acueducto de Miravalles 1, San José," the general objective of which is "to improve the potable water supply system (sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable) for the community of Miravalles 1 and Dirección02." That project "consists of improving the existing infrastructure, including the Miravalles pumping station (estación de bombeo), in which an assessment of the existing components must be carried out and those components adapted to the new operating parameters. In addition, the force main (tubería de impulsión), which is approximately 345 meters long up to the tank site, must be replaced. Likewise, the necessary improvements must be made to the storage tank (tanque de almacenamiento) and complementary works that facilitate its operation and maintenance.
Additionally, the entire distribution network (red de distribución), which is approximately 1,365 meters long, must be replaced. Furthermore, at the tank site, the possibility of providing for 3 public ornamental potable water fountains is being considered, with the aim of preventing unauthorized connections in the future." In this regard, it is verified that the project to be developed would benefit a population of 1,000 persons belonging to the residential developments (urbanizaciones) of Miravalles I and Dirección02, as well as the settlement (asentamiento) Miravalles II. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the project has a cost of ₵ 219,958,412.73. Moreover, from the schedule submitted by the respondent authorities, it is established that the aforementioned project has a duration of 729 days and began in April 2021, with its completion scheduled for May 8, 2024.
In light of the foregoing, and with the understanding that the aforementioned project "Mejoras al sistema de acueducto de Miravalles 1, San José" aims to provide a definitive solution to the water shortage problem in the community of Miravalles—which is the subject of this appeal—the Court considers it appropriate to grant an extension of the period, under the terms to be set forth in the operative section of this ruling.
IV.For its part, judgment n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, also provided: "Likewise, Alicia Borja Rodríguez and Manuel Rosales Caamaño, respectively the Mayor of Curridabat and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat, or whoever may hold those positions, are hereby ordered to immediately coordinate and adopt the necessary measures and carry out the respective evictions of those families residing in the risk zones identified since 2009 that currently pose a risk to their physical safety; and to, within a period of 6 months, coordinate and resolve the matter concerning the complaint filed by the petitioner on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage problem, and notify the petitioner of the resolution reached."
With regard to the carrying out of the respective evictions, a review of the case record reveals that there is no eviction order pending enforcement at the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat in the Miravalles sector. In this regard, through official communication MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1226-2021 of May 10, 2021, the acting director (directora a.i.) of the Área Rectora de Salud of Curridabat stated: "(…) Pursuant to the contempt motion regarding the eviction of families in risk zones filed in the initial brief, and in accordance with the administrative file (expediente administrativo) maintained for this case at this Área Rectora de Salud, there is no sanitary eviction order (orden sanitaria de desalojo) pending enforcement in the Miravalles II sector; the eviction of one case brought under the name Nombre05 was processed, notified, and carried out in due course, with no pending matters as of this date (…)." In light of this, the Court finds no contempt of the orders set forth in judgment n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, concerning the requirement to "carry out the respective evictions of those families residing in the risk zones identified since 2009 that currently pose a risk to their physical safety," and therefore the contempt motion must be dismissed with respect to this order.
V.Furthermore, in the aforementioned ruling No. 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, it was also ordered: "Likewise, Alicia Borja Rodríguez and Manuel Rosales Caamaño are hereby ordered — Mayor of Curridabat and Director of the Curridabat Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud), respectively, or whoever holds those positions — (…) to coordinate and resolve, within a period of 6 months, the matters relating to the complaint (denuncia) filed by the appellant on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage (aguas negras) problem, and to notify the appellant of the resolution reached (…)."
In this regard, the acting director (a.i.) of the Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat states that the following actions have been taken:
"I. That on October 3, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019, received on October 15, 2019, a request was submitted to the sitting mayor of the Municipality of Curridabat, Ms. Alicia Borja Rodríguez, for information regarding the delimitation of the La Ponderosa community, in order to proceed with scheduling the dye tests (pruebas de coloración) to be carried out at the reported site. (…)
II.That on October 3, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019, received on October 15, 2019, a request was submitted to Mr. Douglas Alvarado, Director of the Territorial Information System of the Municipality of Curridabat, for information regarding the owners of the properties in the La Ponderosa community, in order to expedite the process of serving sanitary orders on those persons whose properties were improperly receiving sewage (aguas negras) from their residences. (…)
III.That in response to official letters MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019 and MSDRRSCS-CU-1320-20219, the following official letters were issued: SC-DSIT-SIG-0453-10-2019, MC-ALC-1448-10-2019, MC-CIT-0022-2019, MC-ALC-1466-10-2019, MC-CIT-0021-2019, providing the information required by this Ministry regarding the territorial delimitation of the La Ponderosa community and the owners of properties in that same area. (…)
IV.That from October 24, 2019 through February 12, 2020, 21 dwellings in the La Ponderosa neighborhood were inspected to verify the disposal of sewage in residences located in the area referenced in the complaint, during which dye tests using sodium fluorescein (fluoresceína sódica) were conducted on the toilets (servicios sanitarios) of the dwellings.
V.That since January 2020, the health authorities activated the international epidemiological health emergency protocols due to the outbreak of the new coronavirus in China. The World Health Organization (WHO) alert of January 30, 2020 was issued after a new type of coronavirus was detected in the city of Wuhan, in Hubei Province, China, which has caused deaths in various countries around the world. Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses capable of causing a range of illnesses, from the common cold to more serious diseases, such as those caused by the coronavirus responsible for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), the one causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the one causing COVID-19.
VI.That on March 16, 2020, the President of the Republic of Costa Rica declared a national state of emergency throughout the territory of the Republic of Costa Rica, due to the public health emergency caused by COVID-19 disease, N° 42227-MP–S. Therefore, although a state of national emergency was not formally declared until mid-March 2020 on account of the Coronavirus, the Ministry of Health and its regional and local offices had already been focused for weeks prior on responding to the national emergency caused by the aforementioned pandemic, which interfered with the regular processing of complaints, including the dye test process at Dirección03 and the service of the corresponding administrative acts.
VII.That on July 16, 2020, a notification was received from the Constitutional Chamber (Sala Constitucional) regarding a contempt petition filed at nine hours and twenty-five minutes on the sixteenth of July of two thousand twenty by petitioner Nombre01, identity document CED01; the justice granted a hearing to the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat to appear on the matter of sewage in La Ponderosa. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, pages 00102–00103.)
VIII.That on July 22, 2020, official letter MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1248-2021 was issued to inform the Constitutional Chamber of the actions taken by this Ministry specifically with respect to the wastewater (aguas residuales) intervention in the La Ponderosa area, reporting a compliance progress of approximately 32%; however, due to the Declaration of Emergency under Decreto Ejecutivo N°42227-MP-S, it was necessary to prioritize and direct all efforts of this organizational unit toward responding to the COVID-19 public health emergency. (Case file 8.4-9.03-007, pages 00094 through 00101.)
IX.That pursuant to ruling Nº 2020020111 of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice dated October 20, 2020, the non-compliance petition was upheld and Mr. Jimmy Cruz Jiménez, as Mayor of the Municipality of Curridabat, and Ms. Melissa Arguedas Arce, as Director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, were ordered to comply with the provisions of judgment Nº 2019-012231 of July 5, 2019—that is, to coordinate and resolve within a period of 6 months the complaint filed by Nombre01 on May 28, 2019, regarding the sewage problem in the La Ponderosa neighborhood, and to notify the petitioner of the outcome. (…)
X.In order to comply with the provisions of Nº 2020020111 of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice dated October 20, 2020, steps were taken to determine the management and disposal of sewage from dwellings located in the area of influence of the existing stormwater (aguas pluviales) drainage corridor, in accordance with the map provided by the Municipality of Curridabat identifying the properties to be addressed. Internal logistics were undertaken to identify the resources and materials needed to proceed with the intervention—namely, conducting dye tests on the toilets of the dwellings.
XI.That on October 23, 2020, in response to a request from the Municipality of Curridabat through official letter MC-PMA-1254-10-2020, a request was made to resume actions in relation to Constitutional Chamber ruling 2019012231, asking that a work schedule for addressing the problem be shared with them. In response to this request, on November 9, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSCU-2275-2020, the Municipal Corporation was notified of the requested information, in order to secure the institution's support through its river maintenance crew (cuadrilla de ríos) for the verification of the dye tests to be performed at the site. (…)
XII.That through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSCU-3072-2020 dated November 20, 2020, the Municipality of Curridabat was notified of an adjustment to the field inspection schedule, extending the dates for the intervention in the La Ponderosa area. (…)
XIII.That based on the established schedule, the La Ponderosa area was intervened by performing dye tests, which consist of coloring the water with sodium fluorescein—an orange-colored solid that, when dissolved in water, takes on a greenish hue. This procedure is the only one used by the Ministry of Health to determine the management and disposal of sewage generated in dwellings in the area under intervention.
XIV.On November 2, 3, 6, 11, 16, 17, 25, and 26, 2020; December 14, 15, 16, and 17, 2020; and January 19, 20, and 22, 2021, on-site inspections were carried out at the indicated location, during which sodium fluorescein was applied to the toilets of each dwelling. A reasonable period of time was allowed, after which the results of the test were verified. Verification was conducted at two points: one at an open channel (canal expuesto) on the west side of Dirección05 and another at a culvert (alcantarilla) located on the property of Ms. Nombre06. Verification was supported by staff from the Municipality of Curridabat (river maintenance crew) designated for this purpose.
XV.By February 2021, a total of 106 inspections had been completed, both effective and ineffective. The following situations arose in the ineffective inspections: no one was found at home; only minors were present in the dwelling; access was denied; or persons who had tested positive for COVID were present such that entry was not possible. These inspections were rescheduled until they could be effectively completed. A total of 73 effective dye tests were completed, of which 47 yielded a positive result and 26 a negative result; despite multiple inspection attempts, dye tests could not be completed in 5 dwellings. Based on the reported data, a compliance rate of approximately 95% of intervention of the dwellings reported in that area has been achieved. (…)
XVI.With the results obtained from the dye tests conducted, an on-site technical report of the results was served, along with a sanitary order (orden sanitaria) requiring property owners to correct the improper disposal of wastewater. The sanitary order stipulated a period of 90 business days, the expiration of which, according to the notification issued to each owner, falls between the months of March and June of the current year.
XVII.That during the execution of an institutional intervention, the following significant findings were identified: • Illegal connections of wastewater into stormwater pipes (tubería pluvial) • Existence of pipes installed within the properties for stormwater drainage that are not recorded in the stormwater map provided by the municipal entity, a situation that required repeating several dye tests that had originally returned negative results but subsequently tested positive in this non-inventoried piping. • Limited space on the properties to install a septic tank (tanque séptico) and drainage fields (drenajes) • Property owners stated that the Municipality had instructed them to connect to the stormwater pipe at the time of its installation. (…)
XVIII.That on February 2, 2021, a virtual meeting was held with the Municipality of Curridabat, at which the progress made by this Ministry in the Wastewater case in the La Ponderosa Area — Voto de la Sala Constitucional 19-003040-0007-CO — was presented. The need for ICAA's participation in the intervention in this area, and for the provision of information regarding the sanitary sewer system (alcantarillado sanitario), was also presented. (…)
XIX.That on February 12, 2021, a virtual meeting was held with the Municipality of Curridabat and the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, at which the following was established: "…As of this date, there are no primary or secondary networks in this area, nor any primary or secondary collectors that ICAA could use to address this problem…" "…The Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project was expected to begin in 2020–2021; however, due to lack of financing the project has not been able to begin, and it has been reestimated that it could be completed between 2026 and 2027…" (…)
XX.That on February 12, 2021, by email, a request was submitted to Eng. Marco Fidel Vargas Quiroga, manager of the Environmental Improvement Project's Executing Unit (ICAA), for an updated report on the progress of the Environmental Improvement Project for the collection and treatment of wastewater in the district of Tirrases de Curridabat, specifically in the La Ponderosa locality. As of the closing of this report, the information requested from ICAA had not been submitted. (…)
XXI.That on March 10, 2021, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-634-2021, a response was provided to official letter MC-PMA-003-01-2021, in which the Municipality of Curridabat requested to be informed of the progress of the intervention carried out by this Ministry in the aforementioned area. (…)
Randall Rodríguez Araya, Director of Road Management of the Municipalidad de Curridabat, in which he communicates, among other things: "…the pipes referred to at the outset were installed by residents; they discharge directly into the Ponderosa drainage ditch (acequia) (open channel) and, according to report MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-IT-0063-2021 of the Ministry of Health, this is the pipe on which the fluorescein tests (pruebas de fluoresceína) were carried out; it is hereby clarified, however, that said pipes, insofar as they run beneath privately owned homes, do not belong to the municipal stormwater drainage system (sistema pluvial municipal)…". (…).
XXIII.Whereas, upon the expiration of the effective period of the sanitary orders (sic) (órdenes sanitarias) issued to the various owners of the inspected dwellings, and in accordance with the operational capacity of this Ministry, the following steps will be taken during the dates indicated: 28 June through 09 July 2021, for the verification of compliance with the sanitary orders (sic) of those dwellings where inadequate wastewater (aguas residuales) disposal was confirmed, and in the event of non-compliance, action will be taken in accordance with the law.
For his part, the mayor of Curridabat stated that a company conducted a feasibility study (estudio de factibilidad), which culminated in report F-130-IEF-03, concluding that one possible alternative is to promote the construction of a wastewater treatment plant (planta de tratamiento) to decontaminate a section of the stream (quebrada) or drainage channel (acequia) that presents the best technical conditions for operation. He also noted that in the Curridabat area there is already a sanitation (saneamiento) or ordinary wastewater (aguas residuales) collection project by ICAA, and that, although both projects were redundant, the alternative solution corresponding to the construction of the treatment plant was analyzed, for which the following investment is required: "1) Acquisition of a 2,200 m² parcel at a cost of $210/m² where the Treatment System will be located: $462,000.
In other words, although actions aimed at complying with the order have been carried out in the sub lite, it is equally true that the case record (autos) does not establish that the complaint filed on March 28, 2018 has been definitively resolved, nor that such circumstances have been communicated to the petitioning party (parte recurrente). Consequently, the appropriate course of action is to uphold the motion for non-compliance (gestión de desobediencia) with respect to this issue.
Now, the Court notes that the mayor of Curridabat requests that the deadline granted to comply with this aspect of the judgment be extended, in order to determine the most viable project to resolve the sewage problem—whether the project being developed by ICAA or the treatment plant indicated in report F-130-IEF-03.
In this regard, the Court rejects the request for an extension of the deadline filed by the municipal mayor to resolve the sewage problem reported since March 28, 2018. This is because, in the present case, more than a prudent period of time has elapsed without the respondent (recurrido) having reported any specific concrete action to resolve the reported problem. Furthermore, it should be noted that the initial deadline granted by the Court was six months, which expired in January 2020, and it is only now—more than 16 months after the granted deadline expired—that the aforementioned mayor is seeking an extension. That is to say, the request for an extension of time is patently untimely, since the deadline set by this Court had long since expired at the time such request was filed.
VI.Documentation submitted to the case file (expediente). The parties are hereby notified that if any document on paper, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic, or new-technology device has been submitted, such materials must be retrieved from the court office (despacho) within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", approved by Corte Plena in session N° 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session N° 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Por tanto:
The non-compliance motion (gestión de incumplimiento) is partially granted, solely with respect to what was ordered in ruling n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, corresponding to the requirement that "within a period of 6 months, [the respondents] coordinate and resolve the matter relating to the complaint filed by the petitioner on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage (aguas negras) problem, and notify [the petitioner] of the resolution." Jimmy Cruz Jiménez and Melissa Arguedas Arce, respectively Mayor of Curridabat and acting director of the Regional Health Authority (Área Rectora de Salud) of Curridabat, or whoever may hold such positions, are ordered to comply with what is set forth in ruling n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, regarding the requirement that "within a period of 6 months, [they] coordinate and resolve the matter relating to the complaint filed by the petitioner on May 28, 2018, regarding the sewage problem, and notify [the petitioner] of the resolution." The foregoing is subject to the warning (apercibimiento) that a referral of case documents (testimonio de piezas) to the Ministerio Público against the Mayor of Curridabat and the initiation of an administrative proceeding (procedimiento administrativo) against the acting director of the Regional Health Authority of Curridabat shall be ordered if they fail to do so.
Furthermore, the deadline granted in ruling n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019, is extended, solely with respect to "attending to the water shortage (desabastecimiento de agua) problem in the urban development project (proyecto urbanístico) Miravalles I, so that the necessary actions to definitively resolve said problem are carried out in a coordinated manner, within a maximum period of 24 months"; and consequently, Tomás Martínez Baldares, Jimmy Cruz Jiménez, Óscar Mora Altamirano, and Johanna Chavarría Víquez — respectively Executive President of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, ICAA), Mayor of Curridabat, President of the Municipal Council (Concejo Municipal) of Curridabat, and acting director of the Regional Health Authority of Curridabat — or whoever may hold those positions, are granted a deadline until May 8, 2024, solely to resolve the water shortage problem in the urban development project Miravalles I, in accordance with the terms ordered in ruling n.° 2019-012231 of 9:30 a.m. on July 5, 2019.
In all other respects, the motions filed are denied. This resolution shall be personally served upon Jimmy Cruz Jiménez and Melissa Arguedas Arce, respectively Mayor of Curridabat and acting director of the Regional Health Authority of Curridabat, or whoever may hold such positions.
Fernando Castillo V.
President Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Marta Eugenia Esquivel R.
Mauricio Chacón J.
Telephone: Telf01/ ALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: Telf02 / Telf03. Website: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección08, Dirección09, 100 m south of the Iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro). Reception of matters involving vulnerable groups: Dirección10, San José, Catedral District, Dirección11, streets 19 and 21, Dirección12
SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del dieciseis de julio de dos mil veintiuno .
Gestión posterior planteada por Nombre01, en relación con la resolución n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019.
Resultando:
Redacta la Magistrada Esquivel Rodríguez; y,
Considerando:
I.Sobre lo resuelto en la sentencia principal de este proceso. En la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, se dispuso, en lo que interesa, lo siguiente:
“Por tanto:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Hernán Masís Quesada, Alicia Borja Rodríguez, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Presidente del Concejo Municipal de Curridabat, Alcaldesa de Curridabat, Presidenta Ejecutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, que en el plazo improrrogable de 3 días, emitan las órdenes respectivas en el marco de su competencia, a fin de que se reactive la Comisión Interinstitucional conformada por la Defensoría de los Habitantes para la atención del problema de desabastecimiento de agua en el proyecto urbanístico Miravalles I, para que en forma coordinada se ejecuten las acciones necesarias que resuelvan de forma definitiva dicha problemática, en el plazo máximo de 24 meses a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Asimismo, se ordena a Alicia Borja Rodríguez y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Alcaldesa de Curridabat y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, que de inmediato coordinen y adopten las medidas necesarias y ejecuten los desalojos respectivos de aquellas familias que se encuentran en las zonas de riesgo constatadas desde el año 2009 y que actualmente mantengan en riesgo su integridad física; y que en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto.
Lo anterior bajo apercibimiento que, con base en lo establecido en el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena a la Municipalidad de Curridabat, al Estado y al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. Notifíquese esta resolución en forma personal a Hernán Masís Quesada, Alicia Borja Rodríguez, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Presidente del Concejo Municipal de Curridabat, Alcaldesa de Curridabat, Presidenta Ejecutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos; así como también al Presidente Ejecutivo del IMAS, a la Ministra de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos y a la Defensora de los Habitantes. El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota, respecto al tema de aguas negras”. (El subrayado no es del original).
Tal sentencia fue notificada el 9 de julio de 2019 al presidente Ejecutivo del IMAS, el 10 de julio de 2019 a la ministra de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos, el 11 de julio de 2019 a la alcaldesa de Curridabat, al director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat y a la Defensora de los Habitantes, el 16 de julio de 2019 al presidente del Concejo Municipal de Curridabat y el 19 de julio de 2019 a la presidenta Ejecutiva del ICAA.
“III.- Sobre la gestión de incumplimiento. En la especie, de la lectura íntegra de la gestión posterior, se desprende que el tutelado acusa desobediencia de lo dispuesto en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, únicamente respecto a lo siguiente: “(…) se ordena a Alicia Borja Rodríguez y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Alcaldesa de Curridabat y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, que (…) en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto”. En ese sentido, el tutelado reclama que se le ordenó a Alicia Borja Rodríguez y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Alcaldesa de Curridabat y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, que en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto, además, explica que tal denuncia se efectuó debido a una serie de amenazas a la población, puesto que existe una corriente de aguas negras a nivel de cordón de caño en la Dirección07 en Tirrases; sin embargo, a la fecha de interposición de esta gestión, no le consta que el Área Rectora de Salud haya emitido orden sanitaria alguna, ni que las autoridades recurridas hayan atendido la problemática expuesta, por lo que acusa el incumplimiento parcial a la sentencia principal del proceso, en tanto que ya ha transcurrido el plazo de seis meses para solucionar el problema de aguas negras de la zona. Solicita que se ejecute la sentencia en cuanto al incumplimiento parcial y pide que no se acepten las justificaciones técnicas emitidas por las autoridades recurridas.
Al respecto, el Alcalde de Curridabat indicó que, en cuanto a la denuncia planteada por el amparado el 28 de mayo de 2018 por el tema de aguas negras, se llevaron a cabo las siguientes actuaciones: “• Se gestionó y compartió información requerida para comenzar a identificar la problemática, entre esto se encuentra un levantamiento topográfico, información registral y delimitación del sitio, así como un mapa del área de interés con las tuberías pluviales (líneas) que se tienen inventariadas en la Dirección de Gestión Vial de ese sector y que tributan hacia el cuerpo de agua en análisis, nodos que corresponden a pozos, cajas de registro u otro tipo de elemento que une los tramos de tuberías, cuerpos de agua y propiedades. • Las inspecciones iniciales para detectar problemas de contaminación y el acompañamiento de la Municipalidad de Curridabat al Ministerio de Salud ocurrieron entre noviembre y diciembre 2019 en cuatro fechas distintas con cuatro coloraciones realizadas en promedio por fecha, entre viviendas y comercio.
En relación con este último item (sic) desarrollado, es importante tomar en cuenta que, la Municipalidad requiere de la intervención por del Ministerio de Salud para hacer las comprobaciones respecto a cuál propiedad o predio viene la inadecuada conexión y proceder con la notificación. Asimismo, y de acuerdo con información de este Ministerio, aún se requiere más trabajo de campo; sin embargo, para el 2020 no se ha logrado realizar. A inicios de este año, se presentó ante el Miniserio (sic) de Salud el oficio MC-PMA 0104-01-2020, que hacía referencia a una estrategia para el abordaje de contaminación difusa en cursos de agua en el cantón de Curridabat, con énfasis especial en la resolución n°2019012231 de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, para lo cual se propusieron fechas de reunión para tratar los temas y los avances con el caso, pero dichas fechas debieron ser canceladas por parte del ente Ministerial de Salud, pues su proridad (sic) en este momento es atender urgencias en cuanto la atención del público y consecuente disponibilidad de recursos humano, en cumplimiento del Decreto Ejecutivo N°42221-S y lineamientos Ministeriales en atención a la alerta sanitaria por COVID-19, por lo que, comunicaron a esta corporación municipal que, no era posible asistir a las reuniones convocadas, ya que los recursos de esa unidad organizativa se encuentran enfocados en la atención de la alerta sanitaria.
Las coloraciones mencionadas requieren el ingreso a propiedad privada y la aplicación del reactivo fluoresceína en los sistemas que se sospechan puedan estar conectados al sistema pluvial, esto requiere por lo tanto una interacción entre funcionarios municipales, personal de salud, habitantes de la vivienda y dueños o colabores del comercio visitado. Lo anteiror (sic) con el fin de que se corrijan infracciones y alteraciones a los recursos naturales; sin embargo, es importante mencionar que acatamos las directrices emitidas por el ente rector de Salud, en cuanto a las medidas sanitarias necesarias para reducir los contagios y proteger tanto a los funcionarios, sus familias y a la comunidad”.
Por otro lado, en cuanto al plazo de 6 meses otorgado para atender la problemática de aguas negras, la Directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat indicó que “se procedió a la coordinación con la Municipalidad de Curridabat, con el fin de que brindara el apoyo a esta Área Rectora de Salud con los recursos con que esta dispone en materia cartográfica y registral, para que aportara un levantamiento del área de influencia de la problemática denunciada de aguas negras. (…) Se aportó un croquis con la ubicación de las propiedades a intervenir con la información del nombre del propietario, llegándose a establecer una cantidad de 62 propiedades. Con esta información y con los recursos humanos y materiales disponibles en esta Área Rectora de Salud, se procedió a establecer una programación para el desplazamiento a la zona, con el fin de realizar las respectivas pruebas de coloración en cada vivienda identificada, con el fin de terminar el manejo y disposición de las aguas negras.
El proceso de pruebas de coloración se inició en el mes de noviembre de 2019, este proceso es lento, dado que solo se puede realizar dicha prueba a una vivienda a la vez, se debe esperar el resultado y verificarlo en puntos de difícil acceso. El proceso de las pruebas de coloración se ha avanzado en un 32% aproximadamente, dado que por la emergencia nacional decretada mediante Decreto Ejecutivo No 42227-MP-S, “Declara estado de emergencia nacional en todo el territorio de la República de Costa Rica, debido a la situación de emergencia sanitaria provocada por la enfermedad COVID-19”, se ha requerido priorizar la atención de esta emergencia”.
Ahora, si bien las autoridades expusieron diversas acciones efectuadas en aras de solventar la problemática de aguas negras acusada por el recurrente y, además, justificaron que debido a la pandemia de la covid 19 no han podido cumplir a cabalidad lo ordenado por la Sala, no menos cierto es que el plazo de seis meses otorgado feneció en enero de 2020, esto es, antes de la emisión del decreto n.° 42227-MP-S “Declara estado de emergencia nacional en todo el territorio de la República de Costa Rica, debido a la situación de emergencia sanitaria provocada por la enfermedad COVID-19” del 16 de marzo de 2020 por parte del Poder Ejecutivo. En adición, tales autoridades no formularon dentro del plazo otorgado una solicitud de prórroga ni tampoco algún cronograma de cumplimiento y, en todo caso, de la prueba no se desprende que se le hayan notificado a la parte recurrente.
En mérito de lo expuesto, este Tribunal tiene por acreditado el incumplimiento a lo ordenado en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, únicamente respecto al Alcalde de Curridabat y al Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, en los términos supra señalados. No obstante, como las personas que actualmente ejercen los cargos de Alcalde de Curridabat y Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat no son las mismas a quienes se les notificó la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, lo procedente es ordenar el cumplimiento de lo ahí dispuesto a los actuales representantes, tal y como se dispondrá en la parte dispositiva de esta resolución. (…)
Por tanto:
Se acoge la gestión de incumplimiento. Se ordena a Jimmy Cruz Jiménez y Melissa Arguedas Arce por su orden Alcalde de Curridabat y Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ejerzan tales cargos, cumplir lo dispuesto en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, en relación con que “en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto”. Se advierte a los recurridos que, de conformidad con el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se declara inadmisible la coadyuvancia planteada. Notifíquese esta resolución a Jimmy Cruz Jiménez y Melissa Arguedas Arce por su orden Alcalde de Curridabat y Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ejerzan tales cargos, en forma personal”.
Tal pronunciamiento fue notificado a las autoridades recurridas el 26 de octubre de 2020.
III.Sobre la gestión de incumplimiento. En la especie, el recurrente plantea gestión de desobediencia en relación con la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, pues indica que, tras casi dos años, las aguas negras en el sector de Tirrases siguen siendo vertidas ilegalmente en la vía pública. Manifiesta que los vecinos que están al día con sus impuestos continúan padeciendo por la insalubridad derivada de este problema. Arguye que existe una absoluta falta de infraestructura vial, así como de tuberías, cañas y una falta de control sobre el territorio y las instituciones condenadas. Considera que no se ha brindado solución alguna, que la falta de agua potable es consistente, así como que la comunicación con los recurridos es nula. Estima que ninguna de las instituciones recurridas ha brindado comunicación alguna relativa a cuándo y cómo se van a dar las obras ordenadas por la Sala.
Recrimina que han transcurrido casi dos años del dictado de la sentencia sin que los vecinos vean obra alguna para su beneficio. Arguye que no se van a ejecutar las órdenes sanitarias de desalojo por parte del Ministerio de Salud y se van a continuar derramando las aguas negras en la vía pública y contaminando la salud pública y los ríos, lo que implica la permanente falta de agua potable. bajo la capa asfáltica. Cuestiona si “¿Será que tenemos que esperar a que exista una nueva tragedia en el sector de Tirrases como se diera en el mes de abril del 2019, con un incendio voraz que destruyó 7 viviendas por falta de agua? ¿en algún momento de nuestra existencia podremos ver alguna obra finalizada y que sea productiva para el Cantón de Curridabat?” Solicita que se ordene el cumplimiento de lo ordenado en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019.
Al respecto, conviene traer a colación lo dispuesto por la Sala en el voto n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, donde se indicó: “Se ordena a Hernán Masís Quesada, Alicia Borja Rodríguez, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Presidente del Concejo Municipal de Curridabat, Alcaldesa de Curridabat, Presidenta Ejecutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, que en el plazo improrrogable de 3 días, emitan las órdenes respectivas en el marco de su competencia, a fin de que se reactive la Comisión Interinstitucional conformada por la Defensoría de los Habitantes para la atención del problema de desabastecimiento de agua en el proyecto urbanístico Miravalles I, para que en forma coordinada se ejecuten las acciones necesarias que resuelvan de forma definitiva dicha problemática, en el plazo máximo de 24 meses a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia.
Asimismo, se ordena a Alicia Borja Rodríguez y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Alcaldesa de Curridabat y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, que de inmediato coordinen y adopten las medidas necesarias y ejecuten los desalojos respectivos de aquellas familias que se encuentran en las zonas de riesgo constatadas desde el año 2009 y que actualmente mantengan en riesgo su integridad física; y que en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto”. En este orden de ideas, visto que en el caso de marras se emitieron distintas órdenes dirigidas a diversas autoridades, lo procedente es analizar cada una de ellas por separado.
En primer término, esta Sala dispuso: “(…) Se ordena a Hernán Masís Quesada, Alicia Borja Rodríguez, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Presidente del Concejo Municipal de Curridabat, Alcaldesa de Curridabat, Presidenta Ejecutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, que en el plazo improrrogable de 3 días, emitan las órdenes respectivas en el marco de su competencia, a fin de que se reactive la Comisión Interinstitucional conformada por la Defensoría de los Habitantes para la atención del problema de desabastecimiento de agua en el proyecto urbanístico Miravalles I, para que en forma coordinada se ejecuten las acciones necesarias que resuelvan de forma definitiva dicha problemática, en el plazo máximo de 24 meses a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. (…)”.
Sobre el particular, de los informes rendidos y de la prueba que consta en autos, se colige que, desde el 9 de agosto de 2019, la comisión interinstitucional para la atención del desabastecimiento del agua potable en Miravalles fue reactivada y ha realizado diversas sesiones de trabajo. Desde este panorama, no se observa desobediencia alguna a lo ordenado por la Sala en lo que a ese extremo atañe. Asimismo, se advierte que al momento en que el accionante acudió en desobediencia (2 de mayo de 2021), el plazo de 24 meses otorgado por este Tribunal para resolver en definitiva la problemática de agua de Miravalles se encontraba vigente, por ello procede desestimar la gestión de desobediencia en lo que a esta orden atañe.
Ahora bien, de los autos se desprende que las autoridades recurridas le solicitan a la Sala ampliar el plazo otorgado para solucionar el problema de desabastecimiento de agua en el sector de Miravalles hasta finales de mayo de 2024.
Sobre el particular, la Sala observa que las autoridades accionadas han dispuesto la medida provisional de abastecimiento en la comunidad de Miravalles, mediante camiones cisterna. Además, se constata que el ICAA se encuentra desarrollando el proyecto “Mejoras al sistema de acueducto de Miravalles 1, San José”, el cual tiene como objetivo general “Mejorar el sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable de la comunidad de Miravalles 1 y Dirección02”. Tal proyecto “consiste en mejorar la infraestructura existente, así como lo es la estación de bombeo de Miravalles, en la cual se deben de realizar una valoración de los componentes existente y acondicionarlos a los nuevos parámetros de operación. Además, se debe de sustituir la tubería de impulsión, la cual tiene una longitud aproximada de 345 metros hasta el sitio de tanque. Así como, realizar las mejoras necesarias al tanque de almacenamiento y obras complementarias que faciliten la operación y mantenimiento de este. Adicionalmente, se debe de sustituir toda la red de distribución, la cual tiene una longitud aproximada de 1365 metros. Además, en el sitio de tanque, se analiza la posibilidad en dejar previsto, 3 fuentes públicas de ornato de agua potable, con el fin de evitar las conexiones ilícitas a futuro”.
Al respecto se verifica que el proyecto a desarrollar incluso permitiría beneficiar a una población de 1000 personas pertenecientes a las urbanizaciones de Miravalles I y Dirección02, así como el asentamiento Miravalles II. Además, se comprueba que este tiene un costo de ₵ 219,958,412.73. Por su parte, del cronograma aportado por las autoridades recurridas se colige que el aludido proyecto tiene una duración de 729 días e inició desde abril de 2021, por lo que tiene programada su ejecución para el 8 de mayo de 2024.
En mérito de lo expuesto, en el entendido de que el citado proyecto “Mejoras al sistema de acueducto de Miravalles 1, San José”, pretende darle una solución definitiva al problema de desabastecimiento de agua en la comunidad de Miravalles, lo cual es objeto de este recurso, la Sala estima procedente otorgar una ampliación del plazo, según los términos que se dictarán en la parte dispositiva de este pronunciamiento.
IV.Por su parte, en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, también se dispuso: “Asimismo, se ordena a Alicia Borja Rodríguez y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Alcaldesa de Curridabat y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, que de inmediato coordinen y adopten las medidas necesarias y ejecuten los desalojos respectivos de aquellas familias que se encuentran en las zonas de riesgo constatadas desde el año 2009 y que actualmente mantengan en riesgo su integridad física; y que en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto”.
En relación con la ejecución de los desalojos respectivos, del estudio de los autos se colige que en el Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat no existe orden de desalojo alguna pendiente de ejecutar en el sector de Miravalles. En este sentido, mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-1226-2021 del 10 de mayo de 2021, la directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat señaló: “(…) Según la gestión de desobediencia del desalojo de familias en zona de riesgo incoada en el memorial de interposición, y de acuerdo con el expediente administrativo que se lleva del caso en esta Área Rectora de Salud, no se tiene ninguna orden sanitaria de desalojo pendiente de ejecutar en el sector de Miravalles II, se tramitó el desalojo de un caso que se llevó a nombre de Nombre05, el cual se notificó y ejecutó en su momento, no quedando ningún pendiente a la fecha (…)”. Así las cosas, la Sala no observa desobediencia alguna en lo ordenado en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, concerniente a que se “ejecuten los desalojos respectivos de aquellas familias que se encuentran en las zonas de riesgo constatadas desde el año 2009 y que actualmente mantengan en riesgo su integridad física”, por lo que procede desestimar la gestión de desobediencia en lo que a esta orden atañe.
V.Además, en la supramencionada sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, también se dispuso: “Asimismo, se ordena a Alicia Borja Rodríguez y a Manuel Rosales Caamaño, por su orden Alcaldesa de Curridabat y Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, (…) que en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto (…)”.
Al respecto, la directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, manifiesta que se han realizado las siguientes acciones: “I. Que el 03 de octubre del 2019, mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019 recibido el 15 de octubre del 2019, se le solicitó a la alcaldesa de turno de la Municipalidad de Curridabat, la Sra. Alicia Borja Rodríguez, información sobre la delimitación de la comunidad La Ponderosa, con el fin de proceder a programar las pruebas de coloración a realizar en el sitio denunciado. (…) II. Que el 03 de octubre del 2019, mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019 recibido el 15 de octubre del 2019, se le solicitó al Sr. Douglas Alvarado, Director del Sistema de Información Territorial de la Municipalidad de Curridabat, información sobre los propietarios de los inmuebles de la comunidad La Ponderosa, con el fin de agilizar el proceso de notificación de órdenes sanitarias a las personas en cuyos inmuebles se viertan inadecuadamente las aguas negras de sus viviendas.
(…) III. Que en respuesta a los oficios MS-DRRSCS-CU-1313-2019 y MSDRRSCS-CU-1320-20219, se emiten los oficio SC-DSIT-SIG-0453-10-2019, MC-ALC-1448-10-2019MC-CIT-0022-2019, MC-ALC-1466-10-2019, MC-CIT-0021-2019, donde se brinda la información requerida por este Ministerio en cuanto a delimitación territorial de la comunidad de La Ponderosa y de los propietarios de los inmuebles de este mismo sector. (…) IV. Que desde el 24 de octubre del 2019 al 12 de febrero del 2020, se inspeccionaron 21 viviendas en el barrio La Ponderosa para la verificación de la disposición de aguas negras en las viviendas ubicadas en el sector de referencia de la denuncia, donde se practicaron pruebas de coloración con fluoresceína sódica en el servicio sanitario de las viviendas. V. Que desde enero del 2020, las autoridades de salud activaron los protocolos de emergencia epidemiológica sanitaria internacional por brote de nuevo coronavirus en China.
La alerta de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) del día 30 de enero de 2020 se generó después de que se detectara en la ciudad de Wuhan de la Provincia de Hubei, en China, un nuevo tipo de coronavirus que ha provocado fallecimientos en diferentes países del mundo. Los coronavirus (CoV) son una amplia familia de virus que pueden causar diversas afecciones, desde el resfriado común hasta enfermedades más graves, como ocurre con el coronavirus causante del síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio (MERS), el que ocasiona el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS) y el que provoca el COVID-19. VI. Que el 16 de marzo del 2020, el presidente de la República de Costa Rica declara estado de emergencia nacional en todo el territorio de la República de Costa Rica, debido a la situación de emergencia sanitaria provocada por la enfermedad COVID-19, N° 42227 - MP – S. Por lo que a pesar de que hasta a mediados de marzo del 2020 se decretó estado de emergencia en el país por el Coronavirus, desde semanas atrás el Ministerio de Salud y sus áreas regionales y locales estaban enfocadas en la atención de la emergencia nacional por la citada pandemia, interfiriendo con el funcionamiento regular de atención de denuncias, entre ellas, el proceso de pruebas de coloración en el Dirección03 y la notificación de los actos administrativos respectivos.
VII. Que el 16 de julio del 2020, mediante notificación de la Sala Constitucional se recibe gestión de desobediencia de las nueve horas y veinticinco minutos del dieciséis de julio del dos mil veinte presentado por el recurrente Nombre01, cédula CED01, el magistrado confiere audiencia al Director del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat para que comparezca respecto al tema de aguas negras en la Ponderosa. Expediente 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00102 00103) VIII. Que el 22 de julio del 2020, se procede a informar mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU- 1248-2021, a la Sala Constitucional las acciones generadas por este Ministerio específicamente en lo que respecta a la intervención de las aguas residuales del sector de la Ponderosa, y se comunica un avance de cumplimiento de aproximadamente el 32%, no obstante debido a la Declaratoria de Emergencia mediante Decreto Ejecutivo N°42227-MP-S, se debió priorizar y direccionar todos los esfuerzos de esta unidad organizativa en la atención de la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19.
Expediente 8.4-9.03-007, folios 00094 al 00101) IX. Que según resolución Nº 2020020111 de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia del 20 de octubre del 2020, se acoge la gestión de incumplimiento y se ordenó al Sr. Jimmy Cruz Jiménez como Alcalde de la Municipalidad de Curridabat y a la Sra. Melissa Arguedas Arce como Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, a cumplir con lo dispuesto en la sentencia Nº 2019-012231 del 5 de julio del 2019, esto es, que en un plazo de 6 meses se coordine y resuelva lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por Nombre01 el 28 de mayo del 2019, en relación al problema de aguas negras en el barrio La Ponderosa y se le notifique lo resulto.(…) X. Con el fin de dar cumplimiento a lo dispuesto en Nº 2020020111 de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia del 20 de octubre del 2020, se procede a la determinar el manejo y disposición de las aguas negras de las viviendas ubicadas en el sector de influencia del paso de aguas pluviales existente, de acuerdo con el mapa proporcionado por la Municipalidad de Curridabat, donde se ubican las propiedades a intervenir, se procedió con la logística a lo interno para determinar los recursos y materiales que se requerían para proceder con la intervención esto es realizar pruebas de coloración en los servicios sanitarios de las viviendas.
XI. Que en fecha 23 de octubre del 2020 ante solicitud de la Municipalidad de Curridabat, oficio MC-PMA-1254-10-2020 se solicita retomar acciones en relación a la resolución de la Sala Constitucional 2019012231, solicitando para tales efectos se les comparta cronograma de trabajo para la intervención de la problemática. Ante esta petitoria en fecha 09 de noviembre mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSCU-2275-2020, se le notifica a la Corporación Municipal la información solicitada a fin de contar con el apoyo de esta institución a través de los funcionarios de las cuadrilla (sic) de ríos para la verificación de las coloraciones a efectuar en el sitio. (…). XII. Que mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSCU-3072-2020 de fecha 20 de noviembre del 2020 se le comunica la Municipalidad de Curridabat, ajuste del cronograma de inspecciones en campo, ampliando las fechas para la intervenir el sector de la Ponderosa.
(…). XIII. Que con base en la programación establecida se procedió a intervenir el sector de la Ponderosa, efectuando para tales fines prueba de coloración, la cual consiste en teñir el agua con fluoresceína sódica que es un sólido de color anaranjado que al disolverse en agua toma una tonalidad verdosa. Este procedimiento constituye el único empleado por el Ministerio de Salud para determinar el manejo y disposición de las aguas negras generadas en las viviendas del sector objeto de intervención. XIV. En las fechas 02, 03, 06, 11, 16, 17, 25, 26 de noviembre de 2020, 14, 15, 16, 17 de diciembre 2020, y 19, 20, 22 de enero 2021, se procedió a realizar las inspecciones en el sitio señalado, donde se procedió a la aplicación de fluoresceína en los servicios sanitarios de cada vivienda, se otorgó un plazo prudencial al cabo del cual se procedió a realizar verificación del resultado de la prueba, la verificación se realizó en dos puntos, uno en canal expuesto costado oeste de la Dirección05 y otro en alcantarilla ubicada en la propiedad de la señora Nombre06.
Para la verificación se contó con el apoyo de los funcionarios de la Municipalidad de Curridabat (cuadrilla de ríos) designados para tal fin. XV. Al mes de febrero del 2021 se logró concretar un total de 106 inspecciones efectuadas tanto efectivas como no inefectivas. En ésta últimas se presentaron las siguientes situaciones: no se halló nadie, solo menores de edad se hallaban en la vivienda, no se permitió el ingreso o existían personas COVID positivo por lo que no se pudo ingresar, ésta inspecciones se reprogramaron hasta lograr su efectividad. Se logró concretar 73 pruebas de coloración efectivas de las cuales, 47 tuvieron un resultado positivo y 26 un resultado negativo, no se logró a pesar de múltiples inspecciones concretar 5 pruebas de coloración en viviendas. De acuerdo con los datos reportados se ha logrado prácticamente un cumplimiento del 95% de intervención de las viviendas reportadas en ese sector.
(…). XVI. Con el resultado obtenido en la prueba de coloración efectuada, se procedió a notificar in situ informe técnico del resultado, así como orden sanitaria a fin de que los propietarios procedieran con la corrección de la mala disposición de aguas residuales. La orden sanitaria estipulaba un plazo de 90 días hábiles cuyo vencimiento se encuentra según notificación emitida a cada propietario entre los meses de marzo y junio del presente año. XVII. Que durante la ejecución de una intervención institucional se determinaron como hallazgos relevantes: • Conexiones ilegales de aguas residuales hacia tubería pluvial • Existencia de tubería instalada dentro de las propiedades para la evacuación pluvial, misma que no se encuentra registrada en el mapa pluvial aportado por el ente municipal, situación que requirió repetir varias pruebas de coloración que originalmente resultaron negativas y que posteriormente dieron positivas en esta tubería no inventariada. • Espacio limitado en las propiedades para habilitar tanque séptico y drenajes • Propietarios de las viviendas manifestaron que la Municipalidad les indicó que se conectaran a la tubería pluvial al momento de la instalación de esta.
(…). XVIII. Que en fecha 02 de febrero del 2021 se lleva a cabo reunión virtual con la Municipalidad de Curridabat, donde se expone los avances efectuados por este Ministerio en el caso de Aguas Residuales en el Sector de la Ponderosa Voto de la Sala Constitucional 19-003040-0007-CO, así mismo se expone la necesidad de participación del ICAA en la intervención de este sector, y del aporte de información sobre el alcantarillado sanitario. (…). XIX. Que en fecha 12 de febrero del 2021 se lleva a cabo reunión virtual con la Municipalidad de Curridabat y el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, donde se establece “…No existen a la fecha redes primarias ni secundarias en este sector ni colectores primarios ni secundarios que puedan ser usados por el ICAA para la atención de esta problemática…” “…El proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área de Metropolitana pretendía comenzar en el año 2020-2021, sin embargo debido a falta de financiamiento el proyecto no se ha podido iniciar, se replanteó podría estar concluido en el año 2026 al 2027…” (…).
XX. Que en fecha 12 de febrero del 2021 mediante correo electrónico se solicita al Sr. Ing. Marco Fidel Vargas Quiroga, gerente de la Unidad Ejecutora del Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental, (ICAA) informe de actualización respecto al avance de Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental para la recolección y tratamiento de las aguas residuales, correspondiente al distrito de Tirrases de Curridabat, específicamente en la localidad de la Ponderosa. Al cierre de este informe la información solicitada al ICAA no ha sido remitida. (…). XXI. Que en fecha 10 de marzo del 2021, mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-634-2021, se le brinda respuesta al oficio MC-PMA-003-01-2021, en cual la Municipalidad de Curridabat solicita se le comunique el avance de la intervención llevada a cabo por este Ministerio en el sector citado. (…). XXII. Que en fecha 13 de abril se recibe oficio MC-DGV-0624-04-2021, suscrito por el Ing. Randall Rodríguez Araya, Director de Gestión Vial de la Municipalidad de Curridabat, en donde comunica entre otras cosas “…las tuberías que se indicaron al principio fueron colocadas por los vecinos, realizan descarga directa a la acequia de la Ponderosa (canal abierto) y según el informe MS-DRRSCS-DARSCU-IT-0063-2021, del M. de Salud es la tubería en la cual realizaron las pruebas de fluoresceína, pero se aclara que dichas tuberías al pasar por debajo de las casas en propiedad privada no pertenecen al sistema pluvial municipal…”.
(…). XXIII. Que ante el vencimiento del plazo de vigencia de las ordenes (sic) sanitarias emitida a los diversos propietarios de las viviendas inspeccionadas y según la capacidad instalada de este Ministerio, se procederá durante las siguientes fechas: 28 de junio al 09 de julio del 2021 a la verificación del cumplimiento de las ordenes (sic) sanitarias de aquellas viviendas donde se constató una inadecuada disposición de aguas residuales y en caso de incumplimiento se procederá conforme a la ley”.
Por su parte, el alcalde de Curridabat indicó que una empresa realizó un estudio de factibilidad, el cual culminó en el informe F-130-IEF-03, en el cual se concluyó que una posible alternativa es impulsar la construcción de una planta de tratamiento para descontaminar un tramo de la quebrada o acequia que posee las mejores condiciones técnicas para operar. Además, señaló que en la zona de Curridabat ya existe un proyecto de saneamiento o captación de aguas residuales ordinales por parte del ICAA y que, aunque ambos proyectos eran redundantes, se procedió a analizar la alternativa de solución correspondiente a la construcción de la planta de tratamiento y para ello se requiere la siguiente inversión: “1) Adquisición de terreno de 2200 m2 a un costo de $210/m2 donde se ubicará el Sistema de Tratamiento: $ 462 000. 2) Diseño de detalle para construcción del sistema de tratamiento (5.5% del valor de la obra): $21 700. 3) Equipos requeridos: (…) $ 219 500. 4) Obras civiles y electromecánicas: $ 175 000. 5) Inversión total: $ 878 200. Más costos operativos anuales: (…) $ 40,657”.
Por su parte, se observa que, mediante oficio MC-DSIT-081-05-2021 del 7 de mayo de 2021, suscrito por el director de Sistemas de Información Territorial, se indicó: “disponemos de terrenos municipales, con o sin los requisitos solicitados, y que una eventual adquisición de terrenos privados, es una ruta muy complicada, por aspectos técnicos como las pendientes, cercanía al rio, área y costos (…) revisando los inventarios municipales y las situaciones de pendientes negativas hacia el Rio Tiribi, tenemos las siguientes consideraciones:
El presidente del ICAA indicó: “si bien es cierto que es ajeno a las competencias de AyA dar cumplimiento a la parte dispositiva de la Resolución N°2019012231, que refiere a “(…) la ejecución de los desalojos ordenamos y resolver lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras (…)”, es pertinente comunicar a su autoridad, sobre la puesta en marcha por parte de AyA, del Proyecto “Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José (PMAAMSJ)”, a cargo de la Unidad Ejecutora de AyA PAPS, y que contempla extender el Sistema de Alcantarillado Sanitario y Saneamiento hasta el sector de Tirrases de Curridabat, lo anterior, de acuerdo a los procesos de Planificación estrategia previamente aprobados por AyA, por lo que una vez que se finalice en su totalidad la implementación material del Proyecto, se habilitará la disponibilidad del servicios de alcantarillado sanitario y saneamiento en sector de Miravalles I y La Ponderosa de Tirrases, Curridabat.
Sin embargo, tal y como ha sido informado por AyA en reiteradas ocasiones, y ha sido avalado y ratificado por la propia Sala Constitucional, la eventual habilitación de Disponibilidad de servicios en la zona que nos ocupa, no significa que AyA vaya a interconectar de forma oficiosa e inmediata a cada una de Fincas que ya cuentan con edificaciones construidas a lo interno de todo el sector de Tirrases de Curridabat como tal, pues para ello, deberá cada uno de los propietarios registrales interesados en la prestación del servicio, solicitar y cumplir ante AyA, cada uno de los requisitos técnicos, legales y comerciales impuestos en el Reglamento para la prestación de los servicios de AyA que esté vigente al momento de concretarse el proyecto, y que a la fecha de este Informe, se imponen en los artículos 8,14 y 79 de la referida Modificación Integral al Reglamento para la prestación de los servicios de AyA, publicado en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta Digital N°27, Alcance N°29, martes 09 de febrero, 2021.
Ahora bien, los alcances y estado de la implementación material del “Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José (PMAAMSJ)”, ya han sido debidamente comunicados por parte de AyA a la Municipalidad de Curridabat por medio de Memorando No. PRE-PAPS-2021-00237 y Memorando No PRE-PAPS-2021-00238, ambos emitidos en fecha 25 de enero del 2021, por la Licda. Johanna Diaz Umaña, servidora de la UE Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento (Unidad Ejecutora PAPS), así como Memorando No. PRE-PAPS-2021-01061, emitido en fecha 8 de abril del 2021 por el Ing. Marco Fidel Vargas Quiroga, encargado de la Unidad Ejecutora Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento (PAPS), el cual a su vez adjunta el Informe “Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José (PMAAMSJ)”, emitido en el mes de abril de 2021 por el Ing. Dagoberto Araya Villalobos, encargado de la Dirección de Ingeniería de la misma Unidad Ejecutora Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, todos los cuales se adjunta para su debido conocimiento y comprobación.
Como corolario de lo expuesto, es necesario verificar por medio de la coordinación interinstitucional que ya se ha establecido entre AyA, Municipalidad de Curridabat, y Ministerio de Salud, las acciones que permitan a AyA en el marco de las competencias establecidas por Ley N°2726; brindar la asesoría y las aprobaciones técnicas, legales y administrativas que se lleguen a requerir por parte de la Municipalidad local y Ministerio de Salud, para solventar en definitiva la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, con relación con el problema de aguas negras que existe en el sector de La Ponderosa, de Tirrases de Curridabat, pues tal y como se detalló anteriormente, aún y finalizado el proyecto de habilite la Disponibilidad de alcantarillado en la zona, es necesario verificar la posibilidad técnica, legal y comercial para aprobar cada una de las posibles solicitudes de nuevo servicio de alcantarillado sanitario que se lleguen a generar por parte de cada uno de los propietarios registrales de las Fincas ya edificadas en la zona y que cuenta con servicio de agua potable aprobado y registrado por AyA ”.
Desde este panorama, aun cuando la Sala acredita que las autoridades accionadas han realizado acciones tendientes a solucionar el problema de aguas negras denunciado desde el 28 de mayo de 2018, no menos cierto es que tales acciones han sido insuficientes. En ese sentido, adviértase que no fue sino con ocasión de la resolución interlocutoria n.° 2020-020111 de las 9:40 horas del 20 de octubre de 2020 y tras más de nueve meses desde que feneció el plazo otorgado por el Tribunal en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, cuando se procedió a determinar el manejo y disposición de las aguas negras de las viviendas ubicadas en el sector de influencia del paso de aguas pluviales existente, de acuerdo con el mapa proporcionado por la Municipalidad de Curridabat. Además, a partir de ese momento se ubicaron las propiedades a intervenir, se procedió con la logística a lo interno del Ministerio de Salud para determinar los recursos y materiales que se requerían para proceder con la intervención, esto es, realizar pruebas de coloración en los servicios sanitarios de las viviendas.
Asimismo, no fue sino hasta el periodo de noviembre de 2020 y enero de 2021 que se efectuaron las inspecciones y las pruebas de fluoresceína en los servicios sanitarios de cada vivienda, de las cuales 47 tuvieron un resultado positivo y con ello se notificaron las órdenes sanitarias correspondientes, a fin de que los propietarios procedieran con la corrección de la mala disposición de aguas residuales, órdenes sanitarias cuyos vencimientos se encontraban programados entre marzo y junio de 2021.
En otras palabras, si bien en el sub lite se han ejecutado acciones tendientes a cumplir lo ordenado, no menos cierto es que de los autos no se colige que la denuncia planteada el 28 de marzo de 2018 haya sido resuelta en forma definitiva, ni tampoco que tales circunstancias hayan sido notificadas a la parte recurrente. En consecuencia, lo procedente es acoger la gestión de desobediencia en lo que a este extremo atañe.
Ahora bien, el Tribunal observa que el alcalde de Curridabat solicita que se amplíe el plazo otorgado para cumplir este extremo de la sentencia, a los efectos de determinar el proyecto más viable para solucionar la problemática de aguas negras, sea, el proyecto que el ICAA se encuentra desarrollando o la planta de tratamiento indicada en el informe F-130-IEF-03.
Al respecto, la Sala rechaza la solicitud de ampliación de plazo planteada por el alcalde municipal para solucionar el problema de aguas negras denunciado desde el 28 de marzo de 2018. Lo anterior obedece a que en la especie ha transcurrido un plazo más que prudencial sin que el recurrido haya informado acción concreta alguna para resolver la problemática acusada. Además, nótese que el plazo inicial otorgado por la Sala fue de seis meses, el cual venció desde enero de 2020, y es hasta ahora, sea, más de 16 meses después de vencido el plazo concedido, cuando el alcalde aludido pretende una ampliación del plazo otorgado. Es decir, la solicitud de prórroga de marras es a todas luces extemporánea, pues el plazo dispuesto por esta Sala se encontraba sobradamente vencido al momento en que se planteó tal solicitud.
VI.Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se acoge parcialmente la gestión de incumplimiento, solo en relación con lo ordenado en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, correspondiente a que “en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto”. Se ordena a Jimmy Cruz Jiménez y Melissa Arguedas Arce por su orden alcalde de Curridabat y directora a.i del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ejerzan tales cargos, cumplir lo dispuesto en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, en relación con que “en el plazo de 6 meses coordinen y resuelvan lo relativo a la denuncia planteada por el recurrente el 28 de mayo de 2018, en relación con el problema de aguas negras, y le notifiquen lo resuelto”. Lo anterior bajo el apercibimiento de ordenar el testimonio de piezas ante el Ministerio Público contra el alcalde de Curridabat y la apertura de un procedimiento administrativo contra la directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat si no lo hicieren.
Por otra parte, se amplía el plazo otorgado en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019, solo en lo relativo a “la atención del problema de desabastecimiento de agua en el proyecto urbanístico Miravalles I, para que en forma coordinada se ejecuten las acciones necesarias que resuelvan de forma definitiva dicha problemática, en el plazo máximo de 24 meses” y en consecuencia se confiere a Tomás Martínez Baldares, Jimmy Cruz Jiménez, Óscar Mora Altamirano y Johanna Chavarría Víquez, por su orden, presidente ejecutivo del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, alcalde de Curridabat, presidente del Concejo Municipal de Curridabat y directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ejerzan esos cargos, plazo hasta el 8 de mayo de 2024, únicamente para solucionar el problema de desabastecimiento de agua en el proyecto urbanístico Miravalles I, de acuerdo con los términos ordenados en la sentencia n.° 2019-012231 de las 9:30 horas del 5 de julio de 2019.
En todo lo demás, no ha lugar a las gestiones formuladas. Notifíquese esta resolución a Jimmy Cruz Jiménez y Melissa Arguedas Arce por su orden alcalde de Curridabat y directora a.i del Área Rectora de Salud de Curridabat, o a quienes ejerzan tales cargos, en forma personal.
Fernando Castillo V.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Marta Eugenia Esquivel R.
Mauricio Chacón J.
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