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Res. 09133-2021 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 07/05/2021
OutcomeResultado
The amparo was partially granted, ordering ICAA and the Ministry of Health to resolve the wastewater drainage complaint within six months, and denied with respect to the Municipality of Moravia.Se declaró parcialmente con lugar el amparo, ordenando al ICAA y al Ministerio de Salud resolver la denuncia sobre canalización de aguas residuales en un plazo de seis meses, y declarándolo sin lugar respecto a la Municipalidad de Moravia.
SummaryResumen
The petitioner reported a wastewater drainage problem in the Las Rosas neighborhood of Moravia that endangers his health and the environment. He accused the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (ICAA), the Ministry of Health, and the Municipality of Moravia of inaction despite his complaints. The Constitutional Chamber found that the issue dates back to 1984, when ICAA notified residents of the need to build septic tanks, yet the situation was never effectively resolved. After the 2020 complaint, ICAA merely forwarded the case to the Ministry of Health, which only requested information from the Municipality, without timely follow-up. The Chamber ruled that the lack of inter-institutional coordination violated the petitioner's rights, granting the amparo in part against ICAA and the Ministry of Health, ordering them to resolve the complaint within six months. The claim against the Municipality was dismissed as no formal complaint had been received.El recurrente denunció que en la Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia existe un problema de canalización de aguas residuales que pone en peligro su salud y el ambiente. Acusó al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA), al Ministerio de Salud y a la Municipalidad de Moravia de inacción ante las denuncias presentadas. La Sala Constitucional acreditó que el problema data de 1984, cuando el ICAA notificó a los vecinos la necesidad de construir tanques sépticos, sin que la situación fuera resuelta efectivamente. Tras la denuncia de 2020, el ICAA se limitó a trasladar el caso al Ministerio de Salud, y este solo solicitó información a la Municipalidad, sin seguimiento oportuno. La Sala determinó que la falta de coordinación interinstitucional vulneró los derechos del recurrente, declarando parcialmente con lugar el amparo contra el ICAA y el Ministerio de Salud, y ordenó resolver la denuncia en seis meses. Respecto a la Municipalidad, declaró sin lugar el recurso al no haber recibido denuncia formal.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Now, from the foregoing facts, this Court considers that although the respondent authorities have processed the complaint filed by the petitioner, the truth is that as of the date he sought amparo, March 16, 2021, the reported problem had not been resolved. Note that since 1984, the head of New Services and Urbanizations of ICAA informed the Ministry of Public Health about the reported issue and what should be done to prevent the problem currently denounced by the petitioner. That is, more than 36 years have passed since the health authorities were aware of the situation, and it was not until 2020, following the complaint filed by the petitioner, that ICAA brought this complaint to the attention of the Ministry of Health, limiting itself to forwarding it, while the ministerial authorities merely requested information from the Municipality of Moravia, without any follow-up until seven months later. Thus, it was after the filing of this amparo proceeding, on March 16, 2021, that the Health Area authorities inspected the petitioner's home; they did not find an overflow onto the public road at that moment, but reported that the investigation would continue to determine which homes are connected to the sanitary and storm sewers—meaning the problem persists. It should be clarified that, while it is not for this Chamber to decide which of the respondent authorities is responsible for providing a definitive solution to the petitioner's problem, what this Court does observe is that the problem continues. It is necessary to emphasize that, in matters of environmental protection, there is a principle of administrative coordination among all involved institutions, which must guide cases such as the one reported.Ahora bien, de los hechos expuestos anteriormente, este Tribunal estima que, si bien las autoridades recurridas han dado trámite a la denuncia interpuesta por el recurrente, lo cierto es que a la fecha en que este acude en amparo, sea el 16 de marzo de 2021, la problemática denunciada no ha sido resuelta. Nótese que, desde el año de 1984, el jefe de Nuevos Servicios y Urbanizaciones del ICAA informó al Ministerio de Salubridad Pública sobre la problemática denunciada y lo que debía hacer para evitar el problema que actualmente denuncia el amparado. Es decir, han transcurrido más de 36 años desde que las autoridades de Salud tenían conocimiento de la situación descrita, siendo que no fue hasta que en el año 2020, con motivo de la denuncia presentada por el recurrente, el ICAA puso en conocimiento del Ministerio de Salud tal denuncia, limitándose el ICAA a hacer traslado de la denuncia al Ministerio de Salud, y las autoridades ministeriales solamente a solicitar información a la Municipalidad de Moravia, sin brindar seguimiento alguno hasta siete meses después. Así, fue en fecha posterior a la interposición de este proceso de amparo, sea el 16 de marzo de 2021, que las autoridades del Área Rectora de Salud realizaron una inspección en la vivienda del tutelado, donde no se determinó que en ese momento hubiese rebalse sobre la calzada en vía pública, pero se informó que se continuaría con la investigación para determinar cuáles viviendas están conectadas al colector sanitario y al pluvial; es decir, la problemática continúa vigente. Ahora bien, cabe aclarar que, si bien no compete a esta Sala determinar a cuál de las autoridades recurridas le corresponde dar una solución definitiva al problema denunciado por el tutelado, lo que sí observa este Tribunal es que la problemática persiste. Es menester resaltar que, en materia de protección al medio ambiente, existe un principio de coordinación administrativa entre todas las instituciones involucradas, el cual debe ser rector en casos como el denunciado.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Es menester resaltar que, en materia de protección al medio ambiente, existe un principio de coordinación administrativa entre todas las instituciones involucradas, el cual debe ser rector en casos como el denunciado."
"It is necessary to emphasize that, in matters of environmental protection, there is a principle of administrative coordination among all involved institutions, which must guide cases such as the one reported."
Considerando VI
"Es menester resaltar que, en materia de protección al medio ambiente, existe un principio de coordinación administrativa entre todas las instituciones involucradas, el cual debe ser rector en casos como el denunciado."
Considerando VI
"Ahora bien, de los hechos expuestos anteriormente, este Tribunal estima que, si bien las autoridades recurridas han dado trámite a la denuncia interpuesta por el recurrente, lo cierto es que a la fecha en que este acude en amparo, sea el 16 de marzo de 2021, la problemática denunciada no ha sido resuelta."
"Now, from the foregoing facts, this Court considers that although the respondent authorities have processed the complaint filed by the petitioner, the truth is that as of the date he sought amparo, March 16, 2021, the reported problem had not been resolved."
Considerando VI
"Ahora bien, de los hechos expuestos anteriormente, este Tribunal estima que, si bien las autoridades recurridas han dado trámite a la denuncia interpuesta por el recurrente, lo cierto es que a la fecha en que este acude en amparo, sea el 16 de marzo de 2021, la problemática denunciada no ha sido resuelta."
Considerando VI
Full documentDocumento completo
Constitutional Chamber Judgment with separate note Content of Interest:
Content type: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
SEWER SYSTEM.
09133-21. SEVERAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO RESOLVE, WITHIN SIX MONTHS, THE COMPLAINT REGARDING THE WASTEWATER CHANNELING IN THE LAS ROSAS DEVELOPMENT IN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Content type: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS.
09133-21. SEVERAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO RESOLVE, WITHIN SIX MONTHS, THE COMPLAINT REGARDING THE WASTEWATER CHANNELING IN THE LAS ROSAS DEVELOPMENT IN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Content type: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
COMPLAINT.
09133-21. SEVERAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO RESOLVE, WITHIN SIX MONTHS, THE COMPLAINT REGARDING THE WASTEWATER CHANNELING IN THE LAS ROSAS DEVELOPMENT IN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Content type: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
WATERS.
09133-21. SEVERAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO RESOLVE, WITHIN SIX MONTHS, THE COMPLAINT REGARDING THE WASTEWATER CHANNELING IN THE LAS ROSAS DEVELOPMENT IN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Content type: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
SEWER SYSTEM.
09133-21. SEVERAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO RESOLVE, WITHIN SIX MONTHS, THE COMPLAINT REGARDING THE WASTEWATER CHANNELING IN THE LAS ROSAS DEVELOPMENT IN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Content type: Separate note Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
CONTAMINATION.
Note from Magistrate Salazar Alvarado. In environmental matters, it is the criterion of the undersigned that, if there has already been intervention by the Public Administration, its knowledge and resolution corresponds to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. However, I do address the merits of the matter when other rights of the persons affected by the source of contamination are at stake, among them, health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and pollution-free environment (Article 50 of the Political Constitution), as is the case here, in which the petitioner asserted that in the Las Rosas Development of Moravia, where he lives, there is a problem of wastewater channeling (canalización de aguas residuales) that endangers his health and the environment. He claims that, despite the complaints filed, the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA), the Ministry of Health, and the Municipality of Moravia have not resolved it. This constitutes a violation of the right to enjoy a healthy and ecologically balanced environment and a dignified quality of life.
LBH05/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Strategic Topics: Development of Principles Content type: Majority vote Branch of Law: 2. PRINCIPLES WITH JURISPRUDENCE Topic: Coordination Subtopics:
NOT APPLICABLE.
09133-21. SEVERAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO RESOLVE, WITHIN SIX MONTHS, THE COMPLAINT REGARDING THE WASTEWATER CHANNELING IN THE LAS ROSAS DEVELOPMENT IN MORAVIA.
"[C]oordination is the ordering of the relationships between these various independent activities, which addresses their concurrence regarding a single object or entity, to make it useful for a global public plan, without suppressing the reciprocal independence of the acting subjects. As there is no hierarchical relationship between decentralized institutions, nor of the State itself in relation to the municipalities, the imposition of specific conduct upon these is not possible, which gives rise to the essential inter-institutional 'agreement' (concierto), in the strict sense, insofar as autonomous and independent centers of action agree on that global and preventive scheme, in which each one plays a role with a view to a mission entrusted to the others. Thus, the relationships between municipalities and other public entities can only take place on a level of equality, resulting in agreed forms of coordination, excluding any imperative form detrimental to their autonomy that would allow corporate entities to be subjected to a coordination scheme without their will or against it; but which does admit the necessary subordination of these entities to the State and in the interest of the latter (through the 'administrative oversight' (tutela administrativa) of the State, and specifically, in the function of legality control that competes to it, with powers of general surveillance over the entire sector). (...)" LBH06/21 ... See more SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, at nine hours and five minutes on the seventh of May, two thousand twenty-one.
Amparo action filed by ERNESTO FELIPE ESTAÑOL SALADRIGAS, identity card number 0800960025, against the INSTITUTO COSTARRICENSE DE ACUEDUCTOS Y ALCANTARILLADOS, the MUNICIPALITY OF MORAVIA, and the MINISTRY OF HEALTH.
Whereas:
The amparo petitioner also provided a copy of the message sent on August 30, 2020, by Juan Pablo Vargas Brenes of the ICAA to Doctor Hugo Guevara Sánchez of the Área Rectora de Salud de Coronado, to the email address [email protected] titled "Reporte de derrame de aguas residuales Urb. Las Rosas, Trinidad de Moravia", official communication DRyT-DSRT-2020-00264, regarding the wastewater report filed by Ernesto Estañol. In that official communication, it was made known that the problem with the Las Rosas development, in La Trinidad de Moravia, is that its natural gradient is oriented towards the basin of the Guayabal stream, but its sewer networks were built with the slope towards that stream, where there is no wastewater collector and, according to what was reported by the inspector who went to the site, the discharge of wastewater in the sanitary manhole occurs due to the presence of illicit connections to the sewer network, which was received by the ICAA under the figure of a planned network, that is, not in use.
As that sewer network is not included within the coverage of the environmental improvement project, the only alternative for collecting the wastewater in that development would be to carry out an investment project through which a pumping station and a force main are developed. while that is done, the neighbors must be notified that they must use a septic tank.
The petitioner explained that last September he spoke by telephone with engineer William Leininger of the ICAA, whom he informed of the public health problem he is facing, who in turn instructed him to send an email to his secretary containing the written complaint filed before the Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, and also told him that they could not act without an order from the Ministry of Health. He stated that on September 4, 2020, he sent an email to Mrs. Cinthya Mora, secretary of the aforementioned engineer, with a copy of the complaint before the Ministry of Health. He affirmed that on October 9, 2020, he informed Mr. Daniel Barquero, in charge of these issues in the Municipality of Moravia, to whom he sent a document with a copy of the complaint addressed to the Ministry of Health, asking for help, and to date he has not received a response. He described that every night before entering his house he must water the pavement to wash it and reduce the focus of infection so that the filth does not enter his home, and according to what Doctor Marta Bolaños Chacón from the Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia indicated to him, the Ministry of Health informed the Municipality of Moravia of the entire situation, and until now they have not addressed the matter.
The petitioner states that, in order to reduce the degree of impact, he has incurred expenses such as payment for sewer cleaning, septic sludge collection, an increase in his water bill, and the purchase of cleaning products (high-grade chlorine), among others. He argued that the ICAA, the Ministry of Health, and the municipalities have different functions and obligations imposed on them by the legal system and that they must be exercised in a coordinated manner to ensure administrative efficiency. He requested that the respondent authorities be ordered to find a satisfactory solution to the situation afflicting him and that they be ordered to pay damages for the inconvenience caused by not having acted in time.
The technical study was issued by engineer Juan Pablo Vargas Brenes, Director of the Unit for Development and Research of Management, Collection, and Treatment Systems GAM of AyA; and it is summarized as follows:
1. In order to clarify what a planned sewer network (NOT IN USE) is, it is important to note that these correspond to civil wastewater collection systems that developers must leave built as part of the development, even in cases where the development does not have service availability from AyA. The idea is that this infrastructure can be used in the future when a nearby collector is built to which the sewer network of the development can be interconnected.
2. The Las Rosas Development has a sewer network built since 1984, which was received by AyA (as a planned network) when sewer service availability was denied at the time through the Department of New Services and Developments, due to the lack of a sewer collector to which the wastewater from this development could be directed. This is in accordance with official communication dated March 26, 1984, in which Engineer Francisco Chacón Sánchez indicates that the Department of New Services and Developments of AyA notified each house at that time about the need for each dwelling in this development to build its respective septic tank for the disposal of its domestic wastewater (Ref: See Anexo N °1).
3. As indicated in point number 1, the problem in this development arises because some neighbors, without any authorization, have breached the planned sewer network and have connected the wastewater from their dwellings to said network, instead of directing it to the septic tank and drains, as is required. This situation causes the planned sewer network of the development, which has no outlet, to become saturated to the extreme that the water ends up rising in the lowest part of the development, thereby affecting the homes located in this sector.
4. While it is true, according to our Constitutive Law, AyA is responsible for resolving everything related to the supply of drinking water and the collection of wastewater, it must also be understood that it is not technically or financially possible for the Institution to resolve all the problems of illegal wastewater connections made by the residents of a development themselves, as is the case with the problem raised in the Las Rosas Development.
5. Given the environmental and health problems existing in the Las Rosas Development, generated by the illicit connections to the planned sewer network, as part of the actions that AyA has managed to resolve the existing problems in the Las Rosas Development, was to inform the Ministry of Health about the need to carry out a cleaning and sealing process of the planned network, which, in turn, begins by sending a communication signed by the Ministry of Health and AyA to the residents of the development, detailing the mandatory use of the septic tank and drains as the only approved means for the disposal of wastewater in those places where there is no availability of a collection service for them.
6. In response to what was reported by Mr. Ernesto Estañol, and in accordance with the points set forth above, the Dirección de Recolección y Tratamiento GAM proceeded to send official communication DRyT-DSRT-2020-00264 to the Ministry of Health, to the attention of Dr. Hugo Guevara Sánchez, who serves as director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia (Ref: Anexo N °2). This official communication was sent on August 30, 2020, and its receipt was confirmed via email the following day by Dr. Guevara himself. (Ref.: Anexo N° 3).
7. Along with official communication DRyT-DSRT-2020-00264, a template or example of the note sent to residents of developments in a situation similar to that of the Las Rosas Dev. was attached, in order to warn those who lack a septic tank and drains about the construction of these, according to a peremptory deadline defined in the same communication; however, after August 30, 2020, no other communication issued by the Área Rector de Salud de Moravia was received, neither by email nor by official communication (Ref.: Anexo No. 4).
8. In accordance with due process, the note that is sent to the residents of developments presenting situations identical to those occurring in the Las Rosas Dev. grants a peremptory deadline so that the residents have enough time to review, rehabilitate, repair, and even construct their individual waste disposal system. Once that deadline has expired, the corresponding sealing of the planned network would proceed. This procedure has been implemented jointly with other Áreas Rectoras from other cantons and aims to respect the due process to which every citizen is entitled and thereby prevent them from being left in a state of defenselessness.
9. The procedure described above has its legal basis both in Article 286 of the General Health Law, which expressly indicates that the Ministry of Health has the power to order the execution of drainage works to prevent the formation of unhealthy foci and infection; as well as in Articles 287 and 288 of this same law, which indicate the responsibility of each homeowner or business owner to have a disposal system for their own wastewater in those places where a functioning sewer system is not available (...).
10. It is important to mention that in situations related to wastewater spills in planned networks (NOT in USE), AyA acts by specific order of the Ministry of Health, once the due process of notifying the residents of the development has been completed and after the peremptory period established by the Ministry of Health for the residents of the development to review, rehabilitate, and/or construct the septic tank and drainage system has expired. Until this happens, proceeding with the extraction of water from the planned network is somewhat ineffective from the perspective of resolving the site's problem, because the time that the network would remain without spilling water in its lowest part is very short, generally on the order of 5 to 8 days. Added to this is the fact that the logistics of bringing suction equipment to the site are not only costly in time and personnel but also in terms of opportunity cost (...).
As this Honorable Constitutional Chamber can observe, the Las Rosas Development has a sewer network built since 1984, which was received by AyA (as a planned network) when sewer service availability was denied at the time due to the lack of a sewer collector to which the wastewater from this development could be directed. The problem in this development arises because some neighbors, without any authorization, have breached the planned sewer network and have connected the wastewater from their dwellings to said network, instead of directing it to the septic tank and drains, as is required. This situation causes the planned sewer network of the development, which has no outlet, to become saturated to the extreme that the water ends up rising in the lowest part of the development, thereby affecting the homes located in this sector.
AyA cannot technically or financially resolve all the problems of illegal wastewater connections made by the residents of the developments themselves, as is the case with the problem raised in the Las Rosas Development.
Given the environmental and health problems existing in the Las Rosas Development, generated by the illicit connections to the planned sewer network, as part of the actions that AyA managed to resolve the existing problems, was to inform the Ministry of Health about the need to carry out a cleaning and sealing process of the planned network, which, in turn, begins by sending a communication signed by the Ministry of Health and AyA to the residents of the development, detailing the mandatory use of the septic tank and drains as the only approved means for the disposal of wastewater in those places where there is no availability of a collection service for them.
In accordance with due process, the note sent to residents of developments presenting situations identical to those occurring in the Las Rosas Development grants them a peremptory deadline so that they have enough time to review, rehabilitate, repair, and even construct their individual waste disposal system. Once that deadline has expired, the corresponding sealing of the planned network proceeds. This procedure is implemented jointly with Áreas Rectoras from other cantons and aims to respect the due process to which every citizen is entitled and thereby prevent them from being left in a state of defenselessness.
It is important to reiterate that in situations related to wastewater spills in planned networks (NOT in USE), AyA acts by specific order of the Ministry of Health, once the due process of notifying the residents of the development has been completed and after the peremptory period established by the Ministry of Health for the residents of the development to review, rehabilitate, and/or construct the septic tank and drainage system has expired. Until this happens, proceeding with the extraction of water from the planned network is somewhat ineffective from the perspective of resolving the site's problem, because the time that the network would remain without spilling water in its lowest part is very short, generally on the order of 5 to 8 days. Added to this is the fact that the logistics of bringing suction equipment to the site are not only costly in time and personnel but also in terms of opportunity cost (...)."
If the owner is reluctant to comply with such orders, the health authority may execute them at the expense of the negligent party. In cases where the public interest, the nature, and scale of the drainage works justify it, every property owner is obligated to constitute an easement (servidumbre) in favor of the State so that the health authority may construct such works, and the expropriation of the land may be decreed when the easement (servidumbre) is incompatible with its use. The maintenance and operation, if applicable, shall be the responsibility of the beneficiaries of such works (…)”. Furthermore, it must be added that, as ordered by Article 287 of the LGS, it shall also be the owner's responsibility to connect the black water and sewage excreta elimination system of their property to the sanitary sewer system, in places where it is in operation. Therefore, in accordance with the recently cited norms, 286 and 287, we have that, regarding the elimination of black water and sewage excreta, the owner has two options: the first, in the event that a sanitary sewer network does not exist, is to construct the respective drainage so that the waters are managed through this system; the second, if a sanitary sewer network exists, the property owner is called upon to carry out the connection to said system at their own expense; furthermore, by mandate of Law, the instance called to oversee and order compliance with this obligation is the Ministry of Health.
(…) Regarding the inaction attributed to the municipality, for the lack of response to official letter MSDRRSCS-DARSM-423-2020, it must be specified that, through the cited official letter, dated October 30, 2020, Doctor Hugo R Guevara, via email, on November 6, 2020, requested the Municipal Mayor to inform that Health Area if, in the sector of Trinidad de Moravia, Las Rosas Urbanization, 300 meters west and 300 meters north of Súper Las Rosas, the existing well belongs to a black water system or to the stormwater sewer system (…) the cited official letter was forwarded by the Municipal Mayor's Office to the Technical Road Management Unit, via email, so that this instance would proceed to address the request and provide a response, and the Technical Road Management Unit, in response to said instruction, coordinated the respective inspection for March 9, 2021, and once said field visit was carried out, the Road Management Unit that same day sent to the Ministry of Health and to Acueductos y Alcantarillados, to the email accounts [email protected] belonging to Doctor Hugo Guevara Sánchez, Director of the Moravia Health Governing Area, [email protected] belonging to Martha Bolaños Chacón, Environmental Manager of the Moravia Health Governing Area, and [email protected] (William Leininger, head of the Sanitary Sewerage Section of Acueductos y Alcantarillados), the results obtained, through which the aforementioned consultation, made by the Moravia Health area, was addressed, stating that the well corresponds to the sanitary system, not the stormwater system.
Literally, it was stated: “(…) Following up on a complaint filed by the Ministry of Health, a site visit is conducted in Las Rosas Urbanization, in Trinidad de Moravia, 300 West of Super Las Rosas, 250 North, in front of the last house on the left before the coffee plantation, to be exact at the following location: https://goo.gl/maps/etQnkD3DgeLFPRj88. It is found that the existing problem corresponds to a sanitary water well, for which we most respectfully request the review and inspection of the site. Photographs of the aforementioned well are attached (…)” (…) the aforementioned response was sent to the email accounts [email protected] belonging to Doctor Hugo Guevara Sánchez, director of the Moravia Health Governing Area, [email protected] belonging to Martha Bolaños Chacón, Environmental Manager of the Moravia Health Governing Area, and [email protected] (William Leininger, head of the Sanitary Sewerage Section of Acueductos y Alcantarillados).
Thus, the claimant is also incorrect in pointing out that the Municipality has not informed the Moravia Health Area whether the well located in the sector of Trinidad de Moravia, Las Rosas Urbanization, 300 meters west and 300 meters north of Súper Las Rosas, belongs to a black water system or to the stormwater sewer system, insofar as, as stated, before this amparo was filed, Salud had been informed that it was a black water well, also called sanitary. Regarding the email that the appellant claims to have sent to Daniel Barquero Quirós, Environmental Manager of the Municipality, on October 9, 2020, it must be specified that according to the report by the cited official in a document generated to address this amparo, that is, Daniel Barquero Quirós, Environmental Manager, to his email address [email protected], said email was not received, and on the occasion of this amparo appeal, he proceeded to review the Junk folder and found a delivery attempt notification for an email from the account [email protected], noticing that the address to which it was sent was [email protected], that is, with an error, by adding the letter “b” to “go”, so that, in light of this, it is not feasible to assign responsibility for a lack of response, as the communication was not known.
To demonstrate the aforementioned, official letter DTO-CAAM-009-04-21 is provided as evidence (…) the aforementioned email did not have any specific request; said missive simply indicated: “I thank you in advance for all the help you can provide me. Greetings.” Therefore, it is considered that a violation of constitutional rights, of prompt and fulfilled administrative justice, nor of petition and response, cannot be noted because there was no specific petition to address; furthermore, as stated, the substantial competence to resolve the appellant's situation lies with AyA and the Ministry of Health (sic) It is not the responsibility of the Municipality of Moravia to resolve the appellant's problem; therefore, the appeal regarding the right to prompt and fulfilled administrative justice, concerning the Local Government, should be declared without merit, even more so, if it is considered that even when the Health Governing Area requested collaboration from the Municipality to determine if the well located near the appellant's property corresponded to the Sanitary or Stormwater Sewer System, it collaborated, despite the fact that numerals 286, 287, and 289 of the LGS assign that type of control and oversight to AyA and the Ministry of Health, for which reason the time the Ministry took to carry out that diligence must be interpreted as an unjustified inaction on its part, to the detriment of the appellant. There are no omissions of response or inaction by the Local Government regarding the problem the appellant experiences due to the channeling of sanitary waters. (…)”.
Drafted by Judge Sánchez Navarro; and,
Considering:
I.Object of the appeal. The appellant asserted that in Las Rosas Urbanization of Moravia, where he lives, there is a problem with wastewater channeling, which endangers his health and the environment. He claimed that, despite the complaints filed, the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA) and the Ministry of Health have not resolved it.
II.Prior clarification. Before analyzing the merits of the matter, it must be clarified that, as of judgment No. 2008-02545 delivered at 08:55 hours on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the administrative litigation jurisdiction – with some exceptions – those matters in which it is discussed whether the Public Administration has complied or not with the reasonably scheduled deadlines to resolve the requests raised by the administered parties in light of the provisions of Article 41 of the Political Constitution. In this specific case, a scenario of exception is presented, as it concerns the alleged delay in executing the solution to a wastewater channeling problem, which threatens the health of the protected party and his family, as well as the environment. In view of the foregoing, we proceed to resolve the specific situation raised in this appeal.
Regarding the ICAA.
Regarding the ICAA.
Las Rosas Urbanization has a sanitary sewer network built since 1984, received by the ICAA as a planned network, as the sanitary availability was denied at the time through the New Services and Urbanizations Area, because there was no sanitary collector to which the urbanización's wastewater could be directed (see the report, as well as the evidence provided by the ICAA, added to the digital file). In official letter dated March 26, 1984, signed by the Head of New Services and Urbanizations of the ICAA, addressed to the Ministry of Public Health, the following was indicated: “(…) The “Santa Rosa” Urbanization, located in Santa Rosa de Moravia, does not have sewers in use; consequently, personnel from this Office notified house by house indicating that they must build a septic tank. As it has had no effect to date, we request that you (sic) use your good offices so that this anomaly is corrected.
Attached is a sketch and names of the persons, address, and other data to help you locate the cases (…)” (see the report, as well as the evidence provided by the ICAA, added to the digital file). In August 2020, the protected party, via telephone, requested help from the ICAA for a wastewater channeling problem in Las Rosas Urbanization of Moravia, which endangers his health and the environment (uncontroverted fact). The problem reported by the appellant stems from the fact that some neighbors, without authorization, have violated the planned sanitary sewer network and have connected the wastewater coming from their homes to said network, instead of directing it to the septic tank and drainages, which causes the sanitary network, having no outlet, to become saturated to the extreme that the wastewater emerges in the lowest part of the urbanización (see the report, as well as the evidence provided by the ICAA, added to the digital file).
On August 30, 2020, as a consequence of the complaint filed by the promoter, the GAM Collection and Treatment Directorate of the ICAA sent official letter No. DRyT-DSRT-2020-00264 to the Health Governing Area of Moravia, so that it would intervene in addressing the problem, notifying the neighbors of the locality of their obligation to correct the detected anomaly within a peremptory deadline; once said term had expired, the sealing of the planned network would proceed (see the report, as well as the evidence provided by the ICAA and the appellant, added to the digital file). On August 31, 2020, Hugo Guevara Sánchez, an official of the Health Governing Area of Moravia, acknowledged receipt of the previous official letter (see the report, as well as the evidence provided by the ICAA and the appellant, added to the digital file). On September 4, 2020, the appellant sent William Leininger, an ICAA official, the complaint filed with the Ministry of Health regarding the indicated problem, as the cited official had requested it (see the evidence provided by the appellant, added to the digital file).
Regarding the Health Governing Area of Moravia.
On August 25, 2020, the protected party reported the problem of domestic wastewater channeling in Las Rosas Urbanization to the Health Governing Area of Moravia (see the evidence provided by the appellant and the Health Governing Area, added to the digital file). On August 31, 2020, the Health Governing Area of Moravia acknowledged receipt of the complaint (see the evidence provided by the appellant, added to the digital file). On September 19, 2020, based on the complaint filed by the protected party, the Health Governing Area of Moravia conducted an inspection: “(…) during the same, a manhole, located on the roadway, with water overflow onto the public thoroughfare is observed (…)” (see the report and the evidence provided by the Health Governing Area of Moravia, added to the digital file). On November 6, 2020, via official letter No. MS-DRRSCS-DARSM-423-2020, the Health Governing Area of Moravia sent a letter to the mayor of the Municipality of Moravia to indicate whether the well in Las Rosas Urbanization belongs to a black water system or to the stormwater sewer system (see the report and the evidence provided by the Health Governing Area of Moravia, added to the digital file).
On March 8, 2021, the Health Governing Area of Moravia sent a new email to the Municipality of Moravia in order to obtain a response about the well (see the report and the evidence provided by the Health Governing Area of Moravia, added to the digital file). On March 8, 2021, in response to the above, the mayor of the corporation forwarded the message to the Municipality's collaborators, so that they would conduct follow-up visits to the site; and On March 9, 2021, the Municipality of Moravia requested collaboration from William Leininger of the ICAA to conduct an inspection and review of the case (see the report and the evidence provided by the Health Governing Area of Moravia, added to the digital file). On April 5, 2021, the respondent Health Governing Area of Moravia carried out an inspection at the home of the protected party, with the following conclusions: “(…) The complaint is considered addressed as there is no ponding inside the pipe nor is there overflow onto the roadway on the public thoroughfare; however, the investigation will continue to determine which homes are connected to the sanitary collector and to the stormwater collector, given that water runs through both pipes, a situation that should not occur (…)” (see the report and the evidence provided by the Health Governing Area of Moravia, added to the digital file).
Regarding the Municipality of Moravia.
On November 6, 2020, and March 8, 2021, the Health Governing Area sent the respondent mayor's office an inquiry official letter regarding the well in Las Rosas Urbanization, to which the Technical Road Management Unit coordinated, by virtue of the reiteration of the official letter, the respective inspection for March 9, 2021 (see report rendered by the Municipality of Moravia). On March 9, 2021, once the field inspection was completed, the respondent Road Management Unit sent the Ministry of Health and the Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados the obtained results, stating that the well corresponds to the sanitary system, not the stormwater system (see report rendered by the Municipality of Moravia). On the occasion of the filing of this amparo proceeding, the municipal authorities reviewed the “Junk” folder in their email accounts and found a delivery attempt notification for an email from the account [email protected], noticing that the address to which it was sent was [email protected], this email not being an official means to receive notifications (see report rendered by the Municipality of Moravia).
IV.Unproven fact. Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following fact is not deemed accredited: Only. That the protected party sent any communication to Mr. Daniel Barquero Quirós, Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Moravia, at his email address [email protected], on October 9, 2020.
V.On the specific case. From the sub lite case, it is evident that the protected party is a resident of Las Rosas Urbanization, where, apparently, there is a wastewater channeling problem. By virtue of this, the appellant filed the respective complaints with the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA) and the Ministry of Health; however, in his opinion, said institutions have not resolved the reported problem.
Regarding the ICAA.
In this regard, the authorities of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados reported that Las Rosas Urbanization has a sanitary sewer network built since 1984, and it is received by that institute as a planned network, as the sanitary availability had been denied at the time because there was no sanitary collector to which the urbanización's wastewater could be directed.
As it is a planned network, from the information now received, it is possible to prove that since March 26, 1984, the head of New Services and Urbanizations of the ICAA addressed an official letter to the Ministry of Public Health explaining the situation described and reported that he notified the neighbors of the area, for the purpose of informing them that they had to build a septic tank, which had not been complied with, for which reason he requested the intervention of that ministry. That is to say, the origin of the complaint filed by the appellant dates back 36 years, without said situation having been addressed in a certain and effective manner by the related authorities.
So much so that, subsequently, and through the complaint whose delay is now being examined, in August 2020, the protected party requested the collaboration of the ICAA, due to a wastewater channeling problem in Las Rosas Urbanization of Moravia, since some neighbors, without authorization, violated the planned sanitary sewer network and connected the wastewater coming from their homes to said network, instead of directing it to the septic tank and drainages. By virtue of this, the Collection and Treatment Directorate of the ICAA sent official letter No. DRyT-DSRT-2020-00264 to the Health Governing Area of Moravia, so that it would intervene in addressing the problem, notifying the neighbors of the locality of their obligation to correct the detected anomaly; with the understanding that, once said term had expired, the sealing of the planned network would proceed.
Regarding the Health Governing Area of Moravia.
On August 25, 2020, the protected party reported the problem of domestic wastewater channeling in Las Rosas Urbanization to the Health Governing Area of Moravia, a complaint he forwarded to the ICAA on September 4, 2020, as this had been requested by said institute to address the filed complaint.
Thus, based on the filed complaint, the respondent Health Governing Area conducted an inspection on September 19, 2020, in which it noted that “(…) a manhole, located on the roadway, with water overflow onto the public thoroughfare is observed (…)”. As a result of this, the Health Governing Area of Moravia sent an official letter to the mayor of the Municipality of Moravia to indicate whether the well in Las Rosas Urbanization belongs to a black water system or to the stormwater sewer system; said request was reiterated on March 8, 2021, to which, as indicated below, on the following March 9, the Municipality responded that it was a well of the sanitary system.
Then, on a date after the filing of this appeal, on April 5, 2021, the respondent Health Governing Area carried out an inspection at the home of the protected party, with the following conclusions: “(…) The complaint is considered addressed as there is no ponding inside the pipe nor is there overflow onto the roadway on the public thoroughfare; however, the investigation will continue to determine which homes are connected to the sanitary collector and to the stormwater collector, given that water runs through both pipes, a situation that should not occur (…)”.
Regarding the Municipality of Moravia.
Concerning this authority, it is recorded that on March 9, 2021, by virtue of the request made by the Ministry of Health regarding the inspection of the well, and once said field inspection was completed, the respondent Road Management Unit sent the Ministry of Health and the Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados the obtained results, stating that the well corresponds to the sanitary system, not the stormwater system. Thus, regarding the problem under study, the Municipality's intervention has been limited to addressing the request made by the Ministry of Health, information that was certainly provided by the municipal authorities after conducting the corresponding inspection.
VI.Now, from the facts set forth above, this Court considers that, although the respondent authorities have processed the complaint filed by the appellant, the truth is that as of the date he filed this amparo, March 16, 2021, the reported problem has not been resolved. It should be noted that, since 1984, the head of New Services and Urbanizations of the ICAA informed the Ministry of Public Health about the reported problem and what should be done to avoid the problem currently reported by the protected party. That is, more than 36 years have elapsed since the Health authorities were aware of the described situation, and it was not until 2020, due to the complaint filed by the appellant, that the ICAA brought said complaint to the attention of the Ministry of Health, the ICAA limiting itself to forwarding the complaint to the Ministry of Health, and the ministerial authorities only to requesting information from the Municipality of Moravia, without providing any follow-up until seven months later.
Thus, it was on a date after the filing of this amparo proceeding, March 16, 2021, that the authorities of the Health Governing Area conducted an inspection at the home of the protected party, where it was not determined that at that moment there was an overflow onto the roadway on the public thoroughfare, but it was reported that the investigation would continue to determine which homes are connected to the sanitary collector and to the stormwater collector; that is, the problem remains current.
Now, it should be clarified that, although it is not for this Chamber to determine which of the respondent authorities is responsible for providing a definitive solution to the problem reported by the protected party, what this Court does observe is that the problem persists. It is necessary to highlight that, in matters of environmental protection, there exists a principle of administrative coordination among all the institutions involved, which must be guiding in cases such as the one reported. In that sense, in judgment number 2020-16184 delivered at 9:20 hours on August 28, 2020, this Court pointed out, in what is relevant, the following:
“VII.- On the principle of inter-administrative coordination. One of the guiding principles of the administrative organization is the coordination that must exist among all public entities and organs when exercising their competencies and providing the services that the legal system has assigned to them. Coordination, as it ensures administrative efficiency and effectiveness, is a virtual or implicit constitutional principle that permeates the entire administrative legal system and obligates all public entities. It can be inter-organic – between the various organs that make up a public entity not subject to a hierarchical relationship – or inter-subjective, that is, among public entities, each with legal personality, its own budget, autonomy, and specific competencies. The administrative autonomy or other degrees held by public entities obligates them to coordinate their actions, since they cannot be reciprocally subjected to hierarchical relationships due to their inter-organic nature.
Administrative coordination aims to avoid duplications and omissions in the exercise of the administrative functions of each public entity, that is, that they are carried out in a rational and orderly manner; and it is achieved through the establishment of fluid and permanent levels or channels of information among public entities, all of which can be achieved through meetings, reports, or the creation of formal coordination instances.” Similarly, in judgment number 2011-004515 delivered at 15:53 hours on April 5, 2011, this Chamber stated the following:
“(…) Due to the diversity of actors that may intervene, one might think that this multiple responsibility would cause chaos in administrative management. Therefore, in order to avoid the simultaneous coexistence of spheres of power of different origin and essence, the duplication of national and local efforts, as well as the confusion of rights and obligations among the various parties involved, it is necessary to establish a series of coordination relationships between the various dependencies of the Executive Branch and the decentralized institutions, and between these and the municipalities, in order to be able to carry out the functions that have been entrusted to them. This Chamber has already referred to the principle of coordination of public dependencies with municipalities in the realization of common goals, by stating in judgment number 5445-99, at fourteen hours thirty minutes on July 14, 1999, that:
\"[C]oordination is the ordering of the relationships between these diverse independent activities, which addresses this concurrence on a single object or entity, to make it useful for a global public plan, without suppressing the reciprocal independence of the acting subjects. As there is no hierarchical relationship of the decentralized institutions, nor of the State itself in relation to the municipalities, the imposition of certain conducts on the latter is not possible, which gives rise to the essential inter-institutional 'concert', in the strict sense, insofar as the autonomous and independent centers of action agree on that preventive and global scheme, in which each one fulfills a role with a view to a mission entrusted to the others. Thus, the relationships of the municipalities with other public entities can only be carried out on a plane of equality, resulting in agreed-upon forms of coordination, excluding any imperative form to the detriment of their autonomy, which would allow subjecting the corporate entities to a coordination scheme without their will or against it; but which does admit the necessary subordination of these entities to the State and in the interest of the State (through the 'administrative tutelage' of the State, and specifically, in the function of legality control that corresponds to it, with powers of general surveillance over the entire sector).
(…)””” In relation to the above, in this case, both the ICAA and the Ministry of Health have not coordinated what is necessary, within the scope of their competencies, to timely address the situation set forth by the protected party, as their actions in this regard have proven ineffective in resolving the problem, which, it is reiterated, remains current. Thus, it is clear that it is due to the lack of coordination and follow-up by said authorities that a solution to the reported problem has not been reached.
Under this line of thought, this Chamber finds a violation of the fundamental rights of the protected party by the authorities of the ICAA and the Ministry of Health, given that a disproportionate period has elapsed from the filing of the complaint before said authorities to date, and the reported problem has currently not been resolved.
The foregoing, since it was proven that no formal complaint was filed by the protected party before the Municipality of Moravia by virtue of the problem suffered, as the email through which the appellant intended to file the complaint was sent to an incorrect email address and was never received by the municipal authorities. Therefore, this authority's action was due to and limited to the collaboration requested by the Ministry of Health in the inspection of the community's well, in order to determine its nature.
Thus, regarding the Municipality of Moravia, the amparo is deemed inadmissible with respect to this point. Despite the foregoing, the authorities of the Municipality of Moravia should take note that they must establish the coordination and collaboration instances that may be required of them within the scope of their competencies, during the interaction process between the ICAA and the Ministry of Health for the solution of the problem raised by the appellant.
VII.Conclusion. By virtue of the foregoing, as a violation of the fundamental rights of the protected party is accredited, it is appropriate to grant the present appeal, solely with respect to the complaint filed by the protected party before the authorities of the ICAA and the Ministry of Health, with the indications that will be stated in the operative part of this judgment.
IX.Note by Judge Salazar Alvarado. In environmental matters, it is the undersigned's criterion that, if there has already been intervention by the Public Administration, its knowledge and resolution corresponds to the administrative litigation jurisdiction.
Nonetheless, I do proceed to examine the merits of the matter when other rights of the persons affected by the pollution source are at stake, among them, health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and pollution-free environment (Article 50 of the Political Constitution), as is the case here, in which the petitioner asserted that in Las Rosas de Moravia Residential Development (Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia), where he lives, there is a problem with the channeling of residual waters (canalización de aguas residuales) that endangers his health and the environment. He claims that, despite the complaints filed, the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA), the Ministry of Health, and the Municipality of Moravia have not resolved it. The foregoing, in violation of the right to enjoy a healthy and ecologically balanced environment and a dignified level of quality of life.
X.Documentation provided to the case file. The parties are warned that, if they have provided any document in paper form, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be removed from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, any material not removed within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial," approved by the Corte Plena in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Por tanto:
This appeal (recurso) is partially granted, solely with respect to the complaint filed by the protected party before the authorities of the ICAA and the Ministry of Health. Manuel Antonio Salas Pereira, in his capacity as General Manager of the ICAA, Pamela Ruíz Guevara, acting director of the Área Rectora de Salud of Moravia, or whoever occupies those positions in their stead, are ordered to carry out all actions that fall within the scope of their competencies, as well as to establish with the Municipality of Moravia the pertinent coordination mechanisms, so that within a period of SIX MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment, they resolve, as appropriate, the complaint filed by the petitioner regarding the channeling of residual waters in Las Rosas de Moravia Residential Development (Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia). It is warned that, in accordance with the provisions of Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, will be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued in an amparo appeal (recurso de amparo), and fails to comply with it or fails to enforce it, provided that the offense is not more severely punished.
The Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados and the State are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the execution of the judgment of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. In all other respects, the appeal is dismissed. The authorities of the Municipality of Moravia shall take note of what is indicated in the last paragraph of the sixth considerando of this judgment. Judge Salazar Alvarado files a note. Notify. - Fernando Castillo V.
President Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Anamari Garro V.
Ana María Picado B.
Ileana Sánchez N.
1 Classification prepared by the SALA CONSTITUCIONAL of the Poder Judicial. Reproduction and/or distribution for profit is prohibited.
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 09-05-2026 09:17:13.
Sentencia con nota separada Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
ALCANTARILLADO.
09133-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE SEIS MESES, RESUELVA LA DENUNCIA, SOBRE LA CANALIZACIÓN DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN LA URBANIZACIÓN LAS ROSAS EN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
INFRAESTRUCTURA Y CONDICIONES.
09133-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE SEIS MESES, RESUELVA LA DENUNCIA, SOBRE LA CANALIZACIÓN DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN LA URBANIZACIÓN LAS ROSAS EN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
QUEJA.
09133-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE SEIS MESES, RESUELVA LA DENUNCIA, SOBRE LA CANALIZACIÓN DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN LA URBANIZACIÓN LAS ROSAS EN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
AGUAS.
09133-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE SEIS MESES, RESUELVA LA DENUNCIA, SOBRE LA CANALIZACIÓN DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN LA URBANIZACIÓN LAS ROSAS EN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
ALCANTARILLADO.
09133-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE SEIS MESES, RESUELVA LA DENUNCIA, SOBRE LA CANALIZACIÓN DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN LA URBANIZACIÓN LAS ROSAS EN MORAVIA.
LBH05/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Nota separada Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
CONTAMINACION.
Nota del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado. En asuntos ambientales, es criterio del suscrito, que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que el recurrente aseguró que en la Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia, donde habita, existe un problema de canalización de aguas residuales. canalización de aguas residuales, que pone en peligro su salud y el ambiente. Reclama que, pese a las denuncias interpuestas, el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA), el Ministerio de Salud y la Municipalidad de Moravia, no lo han solucionado. Lo anterior, con violación del derecho a disfrutar de un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado y de un nivel digno de calidad de vida.
LBH05/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Temas Estrategicos: Desarrollo de Principios Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 2. PRINCIPIOS CON JURISPRUDENCIA Tema: Coordinación Subtemas:
NO APLICA.
09133-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE SEIS MESES, RESUELVA LA DENUNCIA, SOBRE LA CANALIZACIÓN DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN LA URBANIZACIÓN LAS ROSAS EN MORAVIA.
"[L]a coordinación es la ordenación de las relaciones entre estas diversas actividades independientes, que se hace cargo de esa concurrencia en un mismo objeto o entidad, para hacerla útil a un plan público global, sin suprimir la independencia recíproca de los sujetos agentes. Como no hay una relación de jerarquía de las instituciones descentralizadas, ni del Estado mismo en relación con las municipalidades, no es posible la imposición a éstas de determinadas conductas, con lo cual surge el imprescindible «concierto» interinstitucional, en sentido estricto, en cuanto los centros autónomos e independientes de acción se ponen de acuerdo sobre ese esquema preventivo y global, en el que cada uno cumple un papel con vista en una misión confiada a los otros. Así, las relaciones de las municipalidades con los otros entes públicos, sólo pueden llevarse a cabo en un plano de igualdad, que den como resultado formas pactadas de coordinación, con exclusión de cualquier forma imperativa en detrimento de su autonomía, que permita sujetar a los entes corporativos a un esquema de coordinación sin su voluntad o contra ella; pero que sí admite la necesaria subordinación de estos entes al Estado y en interés de éste (a través de la «tutela administrativa» del Estado, y específicamente, en la función de control la legalidad que a éste compete, con potestades de vigilancia general sobre todo el sector). (…)” LBH06/21 ... Ver más SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas cinco minutos del siete de mayo de dos mil veintiuno .
Recurso de amparo interpuesto por ERNESTO FELIPE ESTAÑOL SALADRIGAS, cédula de identidad 0800960025, contra el INSTITUTO COSTARRICENSE DE ACUEDUCTOS ALCANTARILLADOS, la MUNICIPALIDAD DE MORAVIA y el MINISTERIO DE SALUD.
Resultando:
Redacta la Magistrada Sánchez Navarro; y,
Considerando:
I.Objeto del recurso. El recurrente aseguró que en la Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia, donde habita, existe un problema de canalización de aguas residuales, que pone en peligro su salud y el ambiente. Reclamó que, pese a las denuncias interpuestas, el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA) y el Ministerio de Salud, no lo han solucionado.
II.Aclaración previa. Antes de analizar el fondo del asunto debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia No. 2008-02545 de las 08:55 horas del 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa –con algunas excepciones– aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la Administración Pública ha cumplido o no los plazos razonablemente pautados para resolver las solicitudes planteadas por los administrados a la luz de lo dispuesto por el artículo 41, de la Constitución Política. En el caso concreto, se plantea un supuesto de excepción, pues, se trata de la supuesta tardanza en ejecutar la solución de un problema de canalización de aguas residuales, que amenaza la salud del tutelado y su familia, así como el ambiente. Atendiendo a lo expuesto, se entra a resolver la situación concreta planteada en este recurso.
III.Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:
Sobre el ICAA.
Sobre el ICAA.
La Urbanización Las Rosas cuenta con una red de alcantarillado sanitario construida desde el año 1984, recibida por el ICAA, en calidad de red prevista, al denegarse en su momento la disponibilidad sanitaria a través del Área de Nuevos Servicios y Urbanizaciones, por no existir un colector sanitario al cual se pudieran dirigir las aguas residuales de la urbanización (ver el informe, así como la prueba aportada por el ICAA, agregados al expediente digital). En el oficio de fecha 26 de marzo de 1984, suscrito por el Jefe de Nuevos Servicios y Urbanizaciones del ICAA, dirigido al Ministerio de Salubridad Pública, se indicó lo siguiente: “(…) La urbanización “Santa Rosa”, situada en Santa Rosa de Moravia, no cuenta con cloacas en uso, por consiguiente, personal de esta Oficina, notificó casa por casa indicando que deben de hacer tanque séptico. Como a la fecha no ha surtido efecto, solicitamos a esa (sic) interponer sus buenos oficios para que se corrija esta anomalía.
Adjunto croquis y nombres de las personas, dirección y demás datos que les ayuda a localizar los casos (…)” (ver el informe, así como la prueba aportada por el ICAA, agregados al expediente digital). En el mes de agosto de 2020, el amparado, vía telefónica, solicitó ayuda al ICAA por un problema de canalización de aguas residuales en la Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia, que pone en peligro su salud y el ambiente (hecho incontrovertido). El problema denunciado por el recurrente responde a que algunos vecinos, sin autorización, han violentado la red de alcantarillado sanitario prevista y han conectado las aguas residuales provenientes de sus viviendas a dicha red, en lugar de dirigirlas hacia el tanque séptico y drenajes, lo que genera que la red sanitaria, por no tener salida, se sature al extremo de que las aguas residuales salen en la parte más baja de la urbanización (ver el informe, así como la prueba aportada por el ICAA, agregados al expediente digital).
El 30 de agosto de 2020, como consecuencia de la denuncia planteada por el promovente, la Dirección de Recolección y Tratamiento GAM del ICAA, envió al Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, el oficio No. DRyT-DSRT-2020-00264, con el fin de que interviniera en la atención de la problemática, notificando a los vecinos de la localidad, su obligación de corregir la anomalía detectada, dentro de un plazo perentorio; una vez vencido dicho término, se procedería con el sellado de la red prevista (ver el informe, así como la prueba aportada por el ICAA y el recurrente, agregados al expediente digital). El 31 de agosto de 2020, Hugo Guevara Sánchez, funcionario del Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, acusó recibido del anterior oficio (ver el informe, así como la prueba aportada por el ICAA y el recurrente, agregados al expediente digital). El 4 de setiembre de 2020, el recurrente envió a William Leininger, funcionario del ICAA, la denuncia presentada ante el Ministerio de Salud, por la problemática señalada, esto por así haberlo requerido el citado funcionario (ver la prueba aportada por el recurrente, agregada al expediente digital).
Sobre el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia.
El 25 de agosto de 2020, el tutelado denunció el problema de canalización de aguas residuales domiciliares en la Urbanización las Rosas, ante el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia (ver la prueba aportada por el recurrente y el Área Rectora de Salud, agregadas al expediente digital). El 31 de agosto de 2020, el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, acusó recibido de la denuncia (ver la prueba aportada por el recurrente, agregada al expediente digital). El 19 de setiembre de 2020, en función de la denuncia presentada por el tutelado, el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia realizó una inspección: “(…) durante la misma se observa un pozo de registro, ubicado en la calzada con desbordamiento de aguas en plena vía pública (…)” (ver el informe y la prueba aportada por el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, agregados al expediente digital). El 6 de noviembre de 2020, mediante el oficio No. MS-DRRSCS-DARSM-423-2020, el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, envió al alcalde de la Municipalidad de Moravia, un oficio para que indicara si el pozo de la Urbanización Las Rosas pertenece a un sistema aguas negras o bien al alcantarillado pluvial (ver el informe y la prueba aportada por el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, agregados al expediente digital).
El 8 de marzo de 2021, el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia envió a la Municipalidad de Moravia, un nuevo correo electrónico con el fin de obtener una respuesta sobre el pozo (ver el informe y la prueba aportada por el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, agregados al expediente digital). El 8 de marzo de 2021, en función de lo anterior el alcalde de la corporación reenvió el mensaje a los colaboradores de la Municipalidad, para que efectuaran visitas de seguimiento al sitio y; El 9 de marzo de 2021, la Municipalidad de Moravia pidió colaboración a William Leininger del ICAA, para que efectuara una inspección y revisión del caso (ver el informe y la prueba aportada por el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, agregados al expediente digital). El 5 de abril de 2021, el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, llevó a cabo una inspección en la vivienda del tutelado, con las siguientes conclusiones: “(…) La denuncia se da por atendida ya que al interior de la tubería no existe empozamiento ni tampoco existen rebalse sobre la calzada en vía pública, sin embargo se continuara con la investigación para determinar cuáles vivienda están conectadas al colector sanitario y al pluvial, dado que el agua corre por ambas tuberías situación que no debería suceder (…)” (ver el informe y la prueba aportada por el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, agregados al expediente digital).
Sobre la Municipalidad de Moravia.
En fechas 6 de noviembre de 2020 y 8 de marzo de 2021, el Área Rectora de Salud remitió a la alcaldía recurrida un oficio de consulta respecto al pozo de la Urbanización Las Rosas, a lo cual la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial coordinó, en virtud de la reiteración del oficio, la respectiva inspección para el 9 de marzo de 2021 (ver informe rendido por la Municipalidad de Moravia). El 9 de marzo de 2021, una vez realizada la inspección de campo, la Unidad de Gestión Vial recurrida remitió al Ministerio de Salud y al Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados los resultados obtenidos exponiéndose que el pozo corresponde al sistema sanitario, no pluvial (ver informe rendido por la Municipalidad de Moravia). Con ocasión a la interposición de este proceso de amparo, las autoridades municipales revisaron la carpeta de “No Deseados” en sus cuentas de correo electrónico y encontraron una notificación de intento de envío de un correo desde la cuenta [email protected], percatándose, que la dirección a la cual se remitió fue [email protected], no siendo este correo un medio oficial para recibir notificaciones (ver informe rendido por la Municipalidad de Moravia).
IV.Hecho no probado. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, no se tiene por acreditado el siguiente hecho: Único. Que el amparado haya remitido gestión alguna al señor Daniel Barquero Quirós, Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Moravia, a su dirección de correo [email protected], en fecha 9 de octubre de 2020.
V.Sobre el caso concreto. Del sub lite, se desprende que el amparado es vecino de la Urbanización Las Rosas donde, en apariencia, existe un problema de canalización de aguas residuales. En virtud de ello, el recurrente interpuso las denuncias respectivas ante el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA) y el Ministerio de Salud; empero, a su criterio, dichas instituciones no han solucionado la problemática denunciada.
Sobre el ICAA.
Al respecto, las autoridades del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados informaron que la Urbanización Las Rosas cuenta con una red de alcantarillado sanitario construida desde el año 1984, y es recibida por ese instituto en calidad de red prevista, ello al haberse denegado en su momento la disponibilidad sanitaria, por no existir un colector sanitario al cual se pudieran dirigir las aguas residuales de la urbanización.
Al tratarse de una red prevista, de la información ahora recibida logra acreditarse que desde el 26 de marzo de 1984, el jefe de Nuevos Servicios y Urbanizaciones del ICAA dirigió un oficio al Ministerio de Salubridad Pública exponiendo la situación descrita e informó que notificó a los vecinos de la zona, a efectos de comunicarles que debían de hacer tanque séptico, lo que no había sido acatado, por lo que solicitaba la intervención de ese ministerio. Es decir, la problemática de origen a la denuncia que planteó el recurrente, data de hace 36 años, sin que dicha situación haya sido atendida de manera cierta y efectiva por parte de las autoridades relacionadas.
Tan es así que, posteriormente, y mediante la denuncia cuya dilación ahora se conoce, en agosto del año 2020, el amparado solicitó la colaboración del ICAA, con motivo de un problema de canalización de aguas residuales en la Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia, toda vez que algunos vecinos, sin autorización, violentaron la red de alcantarillado sanitario prevista y conectaron las aguas residuales provenientes de sus viviendas a dicha red, en lugar de dirigirlas hacia el tanque séptico y drenajes. En virtud de ello, la Dirección de Recolección y Tratamiento del ICAA envió al Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia el oficio No. DRyT-DSRT-2020-00264, con el fin de que interviniera en la atención de la problemática, notificando a los vecinos de la localidad su obligación de corregir la anomalía detectada; siendo que, una vez vencido dicho término, se procedería con el sellado de la red prevista.
Sobre el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia.
En fecha 25 de agosto de 2020, el tutelado denunció el problema de canalización de aguas residuales domiciliares en la Urbanización las Rosas, ante el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, denuncia que remitió al ICAA en fecha 4 de setiembre de 2020, al haber sido esto requerido por dicho instituto para atender la denuncia interpuesta.
Así, en función de la denuncia presentada, el Área Rectora de Salud recurrida realizó una inspección el 19 de setiembre de 2020, en la que denotó que “(…) se observa un pozo de registro, ubicado en la calzada con desbordamiento de aguas en plena vía pública (…)”. A raíz de ello, el Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia envió al alcalde de la Municipalidad de Moravia, un oficio para que indicara si el pozo de la Urbanización Las Rosas pertenece a un sistema aguas negras o bien al alcantarillado pluvial; dicha solicitud fue reiterada en fecha 8 de marzo de 2021, a lo cual, como se indica más adelante, el 9 de marzo siguiente, la Municipalidad respondió que se trataba de un pozo del sistema sanitario.
Luego, en fecha posterior a la interposición de este recurso, el 5 de abril de 2021, el Área Rectora de Salud accionada llevó a cabo una inspección en la vivienda del tutelado, con las siguientes conclusiones: “(…) La denuncia se da por atendida ya que al interior de la tubería no existe empozamiento ni tampoco existen rebalse sobre la calzada en vía pública, sin embargo se continuara con la investigación para determinar cuáles vivienda están conectadas al colector sanitario y al pluvial, dado que el agua corre por ambas tuberías situación que no debería suceder (…)”.
Sobre la Municipalidad de Moravia.
Respecto a esta autoridad, consta que el 9 de marzo de 2021, en virtud de la solicitud realizada por el Ministerio de Salud en cuanto a la inspección del pozo, y una vez realizada dicha inspección de campo, fue que la Unidad de Gestión Vial recurrida remitió al Ministerio de Salud y al Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados los resultados obtenidos exponiéndose que el pozo corresponde al sistema sanitario, no pluvial. De tal forma, en torno a la problemática bajo estudio, la intervención de la Municipalidad se ha limitado a la atención de la solicitud planteada por el Ministerio de Salud, información que fue ciertamente suministrada por las autoridades municipales previa realización de la inspección correspondiente.
VI.Ahora bien, de los hechos expuestos anteriormente, este Tribunal estima que, si bien las autoridades recurridas han dado trámite a la denuncia interpuesta por el recurrente, lo cierto es que a la fecha en que este acude en amparo, sea el 16 de marzo de 2021, la problemática denunciada no ha sido resuelta. Nótese que, desde el año de 1984, el jefe de Nuevos Servicios y Urbanizaciones del ICAA informó al Ministerio de Salubridad Pública sobre la problemática denunciada y lo que debía hacer para evitar el problema que actualmente denuncia el amparado. Es decir, han transcurrido más de 36 años desde que las autoridades de Salud tenían conocimiento de la situación descrita, siendo que no fue hasta que en el año 2020, con motivo de la denuncia presentada por el recurrente, el ICAA puso en conocimiento del Ministerio de Salud tal denuncia, limitándose el ICAA a hacer traslado de la denuncia al Ministerio de Salud, y las autoridades ministeriales solamente a solicitar información a la Municipalidad de Moravia, sin brindar seguimiento alguno hasta siete meses después.
Así, fue en fecha posterior a la interposición de este proceso de amparo, sea el 16 de marzo de 2021, que las autoridades del Área Rectora de Salud realizaron una inspección en la vivienda del tutelado, donde no se determinó que en ese momento hubiese rebalse sobre la calzada en vía pública, pero se informó que se continuaría con la investigación para determinar cuáles viviendas están conectadas al colector sanitario y al pluvial; es decir, la problemática continúa vigente.
Ahora bien, cabe aclarar que, si bien no compete a esta Sala determinar a cuál de las autoridades recurridas le corresponde dar una solución definitiva al problema denunciado por el tutelado, lo que sí observa este Tribunal es que la problemática persiste. Es menester resaltar que, en materia de protección al medio ambiente, existe un principio de coordinación administrativa entre todas las instituciones involucradas, el cual debe ser rector en casos como el denunciado. En ese sentido, en la sentencia número 2020-16184 de las 9:20 horas de 28 de agosto de 2020, este Tribunal señaló, en lo que interesa, lo siguiente:
“VII.- Sobre el principio de coordinación interadministrativa. Uno de los principios rectores de la organización administrativa lo constituye la coordinación que debe mediar entre todos los entes y órganos públicos al ejercer sus competencias y prestar los servicios que el ordenamiento jurídico les ha asignado. La coordinación, en cuanto asegura la eficiencia y eficacia administrativas, es un principio constitucional virtual o implícito que permea el entero ordenamiento jurídico administrativo y obliga a todos los entes públicos. Esta puede ser interorgánica –entre los diversos órganos que conforman un ente público no sujetos a una relación de jerarquía– o intersubjetiva, esto es, entre los entes públicos, cada uno con personalidad jurídica, presupuesto propio, autonomía y competencias específicas. La autonomía administrativa o de otro grado de cuya titularidad gozan los entes públicos los obliga a coordinar sus acciones, puesto que, no pueden estar sometidos recíprocamente a relaciones de jerarquía por su naturaleza interorgánica.
La coordinación administrativa tiene por propósito evitar las duplicidades y omisiones en el ejercicio de las funciones administrativas de cada ente público, esto es, que sean desempeñadas de forma racional y ordenada; y se logra a través del establecimiento de niveles o canales fluidos y permanentes de información entre los entes públicos, todo lo cual se puede lograr a través de reuniones, informes o la creación de instancias formales de coordinación.” De la misma forma, en la sentencia número 2011-004515 de las 15:53 horas de 5 de abril de 2011, esta Sala señaló lo siguiente:
“(…) Debido a la diversidad de actores que pueden intervenir, podría pensarse que esta múltiple responsabilidad provocaría un caos en la gestión administrativa. Por ello, a fin de evitar la coexistencia simultánea de esferas de poder de diferente origen y esencia, la duplicación de los esfuerzos nacionales y locales, así como la confusión de derechos y obligaciones entre las diversas partes involucradas, se hace necesario establecer una serie de relaciones de coordinación entre las diversas dependencias del Poder Ejecutivo y las instituciones descentralizadas, y entre éstas con las municipalidades, a fin de poder llevar a cabo las funciones que les han sido encomendadas. Esta Sala se ha referido ya al principio de coordinación de las dependencias públicas con las municipalidades en la realización de fines comunes, al señalar mediante sentencia número 5445-99, de las catorce horas treinta minutos del 14 de julio de 1999, que:
"[L]a coordinación es la ordenación de las relaciones entre estas diversas actividades independientes, que se hace cargo de esa concurrencia en un mismo objeto o entidad, para hacerla útil a un plan público global, sin suprimir la independencia recíproca de los sujetos agentes. Como no hay una relación de jerarquía de las instituciones descentralizadas, ni del Estado mismo en relación con las municipalidades, no es posible la imposición a éstas de determinadas conductas, con lo cual surge el imprescindible «concierto» interinstitucional, en sentido estricto, en cuanto los centros autónomos e independientes de acción se ponen de acuerdo sobre ese esquema preventivo y global, en el que cada uno cumple un papel con vista en una misión confiada a los otros. Así, las relaciones de las municipalidades con los otros entes públicos, sólo pueden llevarse a cabo en un plano de igualdad, que den como resultado formas pactadas de coordinación, con exclusión de cualquier forma imperativa en detrimento de su autonomía, que permita sujetar a los entes corporativos a un esquema de coordinación sin su voluntad o contra ella; pero que sí admite la necesaria subordinación de estos entes al Estado y en interés de éste (a través de la «tutela administrativa» del Estado, y específicamente, en la función de control la legalidad que a éste compete, con potestades de vigilancia general sobre todo el sector).
(…)” En relación con lo anterior, en este caso, tanto el ICAA como el Ministerio de Salud no han coordinado lo necesario, dentro del ámbito de sus competencias, para atender de manera oportuna la situación expuesta por el amparado, siendo que sus actuaciones al respecto han resultado poco efectivas para solventar el problema, el cual, se reitera, continúa vigente. Así las cosas, queda claro que es debido a la falta de coordinación y seguimiento por parte de dichas autoridades que no se ha dado solución a la problemática denunciada.
Bajo este orden de ideas, esta Sala acredita la vulneración a los derechos fundamentales del tutelado por parte de las autoridades del ICAA y el Ministerio de Salud, toda vez que ha transcurrido un plazo desproporcionado desde la interposición de la denuncia ante dichas autoridades hasta la fecha, siendo que, actualmente, la problemática denunciada no ha sido resuelta.
Lo anterior, toda vez que se tuvo por demostrado que ante la Municipalidad de Moravia no se interpuso formal denuncia por parte del tutelado en virtud de la problemática aquejada, ya que el correo electrónico por medio del cual el recurrente pretendía presentar la denuncia, fue enviado a una dirección de correo incorrecta y nunca fue recibida por las autoridades municipales. De tal forma que la actuación de esta autoridad se debió y limitó a la colaboración requerida por parte del Ministerio de Salud en la inspección del pozo de la comunidad, a fin de determinar su naturaleza.
Así las cosas, en cuanto a la Municipalidad de Moravia, el amparo deviene improcedente en cuanto a este extremo de se refiere. A pesar de lo anterior, tomen nota las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Moravia que deberán establecer las instancias de coordinación y colaboración que le llegaren a ser requeridas en el ámbito de sus competencias, durante el proceso de interacción entre el ICAA y el Ministerio de Salud para la solución de la problemática planteada por el recurrente.
VII.Conclusión. En virtud de lo expuesto, al acreditarse una vulneración a los derechos fundamentales del amparado, lo procedente es acoger el presente recurso, únicamente en cuanto a la denuncia interpuesta por el amparado ante las autoridades del ICAA y el Ministerio de Salud, con las indicaciones que se dirán en la parte dispositiva de esta sentencia.
IX.Nota del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado. En asuntos ambientales, es criterio del suscrito, que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que el recurrente aseguró que en la Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia, donde habita, existe un problema de canalización de aguas residuales. canalización de aguas residuales, que pone en peligro su salud y el ambiente. Reclama que, pese a las denuncias interpuestas, el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA), el Ministerio de Salud y la Municipalidad de Moravia, no lo han solucionado. Lo anterior, con violación del derecho a disfrutar de un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado y de un nivel digno de calidad de vida.
X.Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, únicamente en cuanto a la denuncia interpuesta por el amparado ante las autoridades del ICAA y del Ministerio de Salud. Se ordena a Manuel Antonio Salas Pereira, en su condición de Gerente General del ICAA, a Pamela Ruíz Guevara, directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Moravia, o a quienes en sus lugares ocupen dichos cargos, que lleven a cabo todas las actuaciones que se encuentren dentro del ámbito de sus competencias, así como que establezcan con la Municipalidad de Moravia las instancias de coordinación que resulten pertinentes, para que en el plazo de SEIS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, resuelva, según corresponda, la denuncia interpuesta por el recurrente en virtud de la canalización de aguas residuales en la Urbanización Las Rosas de Moravia. Se advierte que, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado.
Se condena al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados y al Estado al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de fundamento a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. En lo demás, se declara sin lugar el recurso. Tomen nota las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Moravia de lo indicado en el último párrafo del sexto considerando de esta sentencia. El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota. Notifíquese. - Fernando Castillo V.
Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Anamari Garro V.
Ana María Picado B.
Ileana Sánchez N.
1 Clasificación elaborada por SALA CONSTITUCIONALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
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