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Res. 00235-2021 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 08/01/2021
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber partially granted the amparo and ordered the Municipality of Belén, the Ministry of Health, and MINAE to jointly prepare a remedial plan within two months and to execute it within six months, in addition to adopting immediate mitigation measures. The claim against ARESEP was dismissed.La Sala declaró parcialmente con lugar el amparo y ordenó a la Municipalidad de Belén, al Ministerio de Salud y al MINAE elaborar conjuntamente un plan remedial en dos meses y ejecutarlo en seis meses, además de adoptar medidas de mitigación inmediatas. Se rechazó en cuanto a la ARESEP.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber heard an amparo filed by residents of the Bosques de Doña Rosa and Lomas de Cariari developments in Belén de Heredia, who alleged that for years untreated wastewater from these communities has been discharged directly into the Bermúdez and Virilla Rivers, causing pollution, foul odors, pests, and health risks. The petitioners accused the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE), and the Municipality of Belén of inaction despite prior complaints and a sanitary order issued by the Ministry of Health in 2014. The Chamber found that the respondent authorities acknowledged the problem and had taken some steps (master plans, studies, meetings) but had failed to implement effective measures to halt or mitigate the contamination or to keep the residents informed. Consequently, the Chamber granted the amparo in part and ordered the three institutions to jointly prepare a remedial plan within two months and to execute it within six months, while immediately adopting mitigation measures and keeping the petitioners informed. The claim against the Public Services Regulatory Authority (ARESEP) was dismissed for lack of specific allegations of omission. Justice Hernández López issued a separate opinion arguing that the Chamber should decline to hear claims under Article 50 of the Constitution when ordinary administrative or judicial remedies are adequate, except in cases posing direct risks to health or water, as in this instance.La Sala Constitucional conoció un recurso de amparo interpuesto por vecinos de los residenciales Bosques de Doña Rosa y Lomas de Cariari en Belén de Heredia, quienes denunciaron que desde hace años las aguas residuales de esas urbanizaciones se vierten sin tratamiento alguno a los ríos Bermúdez y Virilla, causando contaminación, malos olores, plagas y afectación a la salud. Los recurrentes acusaron la inacción del Ministerio de Salud, el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía (MINAE) y la Municipalidad de Belén, pese a haber presentado denuncias y a existir una orden sanitaria del Ministerio de Salud desde 2014. La Sala constató que las autoridades recurridas reconocían el problema y habían realizado algunas gestiones (planes maestros, estudios, reuniones), pero no habían adoptado medidas efectivas para detener o mitigar la contaminación, ni habían informado a los vecinos. En consecuencia, declaró parcialmente con lugar el amparo y ordenó a las tres instituciones elaborar conjuntamente un plan remedial en dos meses y ejecutarlo en seis meses, adoptando de inmediato medidas de mitigación y manteniendo informados a los recurrentes. Se rechazó el recurso contra la ARESEP por falta de atribución de omisión. La magistrada Hernández López emitió una nota separada en la que propone que la Sala se abstenga de conocer reclamos por infracción al artículo 50 constitucional cuando existan vías ordinarias adecuadas, salvo excepciones como riesgo directo a la salud o al agua, como en este caso.
Key excerptExtracto clave
V.- On the specific case.- The petitioners complain of the respondent authorities' inaction in response to the environmental complaint filed regarding the apparent contamination of the Virilla and Bermúdez rivers by direct discharge and without treatment of wastewater from the Lomas de Cariari and Bosques de Doña Rosa developments. From the analysis of the reports provided by the respondent authorities and the evidence submitted for the resolution of the matter, this Chamber verifies the violation of the petitioners' fundamental rights. It is shown that the respondent authorities (the Municipality of Belén, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Environment and Energy) are fully aware of and accept the problem denounced by the protectees, who have followed up through meetings, inspections, and have carried out actions. However, despite the actions and efforts made, this Chamber notes that the reported situation regarding the wastewater being discharged into the Virilla and Bermúdez rivers without any treatment currently persists, which is an obvious serious health problem affecting the environment and the health of the inhabitants of the communities. By virtue of the foregoing, it is found that the actions of the respondent authorities have been insufficient, because they have not taken preventive or precautionary measures aimed at reducing the environmental damage, given that it has continued since 2014, when the Ministry of Health issued sanitary order No. CN.ARS.BF.OS-074-2014 against the Municipality of Belén, which remains in force and unfulfilled. Furthermore, it does not appear that these authorities have provided a response to the petitioners. Consequently, the proper course is to grant the amparo so that the Municipality of Belén, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Environment and Energy jointly issue a remedial plan to definitively resolve the problem denounced by the petitioners, through the respective actions within the scope of their competencies.V.- Sobre el caso en concreto.- Los recurrentes reclaman la inacción de las autoridades recurridas ante la denuncia ambiental planteada por aparente contaminación de los ríos Virilla y Bermúdez por desfogue directo y sin tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de los residenciales Lomas de Cariari y Bosques de Doña Rosa. Del análisis de los informes rendidos por las autoridades recurridas y la prueba aportada para la resolución del asunto, esta Sala verifica la vulneración a los derechos fundamentales de los recurrentes. Se acredita que las autoridades recurridas (la Municipalidad de Belén, el Ministerio de Salud y el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía) tienen pleno conocimiento y aceptan la problemática denunciada por los tutelados, quienes han dado seguimiento mediante reuniones, inspecciones y han ejecutado acciones. No obstante, a pesar de las actuaciones y gestiones realizadas esta Sala constata que actualmente la situación denunciada sobre las aguas residuales que están siendo vertidas en los ríos Virilla y Bermúdez sin tratamiento alguno, lo cual es un evidente problema sanitario grave que afecta el medio ambiente y la salud de los habitantes de las comunidades. En virtud de lo expuesto, se comprueba que las acciones de las autoridades recurridas han sido insuficientes, debido a que no han tomado medidas preventivas o precautorias tendientes a que el daño ambiental disminuya, debido a que permanece desde el año 2014, momento en el cual el Ministerio de Salud emitió la orden sanitaria No. CN.ARS.BF.OS-074-2014 hacia la Municipalidad de Belén, pues la misma aún continua vigente y sin cumplirse. Además, no consta que dichas autoridades hayan brindado respuesta a los recurrentes. En consecuencia, lo procedente es declarar con lugar el recurso a efecto que la Municipalidad de Belén, Ministerio de Salud, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, emitan un plan remedial para resolver definitivamente el problema denunciado por los recurrentes en forma conjunta, mediante las actuaciones respectivas en el ámbito de sus competencias.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Se acredita que las autoridades recurridas (la Municipalidad de Belén, el Ministerio de Salud y el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía) tienen pleno conocimiento y aceptan la problemática denunciada por los tutelados, quienes han dado seguimiento mediante reuniones, inspecciones y han ejecutado acciones. No obstante, a pesar de las actuaciones y gestiones realizadas esta Sala constata que actualmente la situación denunciada sobre las aguas residuales que están siendo vertidas en los ríos Virilla y Bermúdez sin tratamiento alguno, lo cual es un evidente problema sanitario grave que afecta el medio ambiente y la salud de los habitantes de las comunidades."
"It is shown that the respondent authorities (the Municipality of Belén, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Environment and Energy) are fully aware of and accept the problem denounced by the protectees, who have followed up through meetings, inspections, and have carried out actions. However, despite the actions and efforts made, this Chamber notes that the reported situation regarding the wastewater being discharged into the Virilla and Bermúdez rivers without any treatment currently persists, which is an obvious serious health problem affecting the environment and the health of the inhabitants of the communities."
Considerando V
"Se acredita que las autoridades recurridas (la Municipalidad de Belén, el Ministerio de Salud y el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía) tienen pleno conocimiento y aceptan la problemática denunciada por los tutelados, quienes han dado seguimiento mediante reuniones, inspecciones y han ejecutado acciones. No obstante, a pesar de las actuaciones y gestiones realizadas esta Sala constata que actualmente la situación denunciada sobre las aguas residuales que están siendo vertidas en los ríos Virilla y Bermúdez sin tratamiento alguno, lo cual es un evidente problema sanitario grave que afecta el medio ambiente y la salud de los habitantes de las comunidades."
Considerando V
"...las acciones de las autoridades recurridas han sido insuficientes, debido a que no han tomado medidas preventivas o precautorias tendientes a que el daño ambiental disminuya, debido a que permanece desde el año 2014, momento en el cual el Ministerio de Salud emitió la orden sanitaria No. CN.ARS.BF.OS-074-2014 hacia la Municipalidad de Belén, pues la misma aún continua vigente y sin cumplirse."
"...the actions of the respondent authorities have been insufficient, because they have not taken preventive or precautionary measures aimed at reducing the environmental damage, given that it has continued since 2014, when the Ministry of Health issued sanitary order No. CN.ARS.BF.OS-074-2014 against the Municipality of Belén, which remains in force and unfulfilled."
Considerando V
"...las acciones de las autoridades recurridas han sido insuficientes, debido a que no han tomado medidas preventivas o precautorias tendientes a que el daño ambiental disminuya, debido a que permanece desde el año 2014, momento en el cual el Ministerio de Salud emitió la orden sanitaria No. CN.ARS.BF.OS-074-2014 hacia la Municipalidad de Belén, pues la misma aún continua vigente y sin cumplirse."
Considerando V
"En el caso concreto, de conformidad con los hechos probados, el reclamo de la parte recurrente, podría eventualmente incidir en la salud de los vecinos de Residencial Doña Rosa y Lomas de Cariari en Belén, pues se están vertiendo aguas residuales y negras de manera directa al Río Virilla y Río Bermúdez, por cuanto se está ante un problema de contaminación ambiental sanitaria ya verificado por las autoridades recurridas."
"In the specific case, according to the proven facts, the claim of the petitioners could potentially affect the health of the residents of Residencial Doña Rosa and Lomas de Cariari in Belén, since untreated wastewater and sewage are being directly discharged into the Virilla and Bermúdez rivers, given that this is a sanitary environmental contamination problem already verified by the respondent authorities."
Nota de la Magistrada Hernández López, punto 8
"En el caso concreto, de conformidad con los hechos probados, el reclamo de la parte recurrente, podría eventualmente incidir en la salud de los vecinos de Residencial Doña Rosa y Lomas de Cariari en Belén, pues se están vertiendo aguas residuales y negras de manera directa al Río Virilla y Río Bermúdez, por cuanto se está ante un problema de contaminación ambiental sanitaria ya verificado por las autoridades recurridas."
Nota de la Magistrada Hernández López, punto 8
Full documentDocumento completo
Constitutional Chamber Case File: 20-021787-0007-CO Type of Matter: Amparo Appeal Judgment with Separate Note Judgment with Protected Data, in accordance with current regulations Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
SEWER SYSTEM.
000235-21. SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO, WITHIN TWO MONTHS, PREPARE A REMEDIAL PLAN TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF WASTEWATER BEING DISCHARGED INTO THE RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA AS DENOUNCED BY THE PROTECTED PARTIES IN THE RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA, AND FOR IT TO BE EXECUTED WITHIN SIX MONTHS.
LBH01/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS.
000235-21. SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO, WITHIN TWO MONTHS, PREPARE A REMEDIAL PLAN TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF WASTEWATER BEING DISCHARGED INTO THE RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA AS DENOUNCED BY THE PROTECTED PARTIES IN THE RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA, AND FOR IT TO BE EXECUTED WITHIN SIX MONTHS.
LBH01/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
COMPLAINT.
000235-21. SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO, WITHIN TWO MONTHS, PREPARE A REMEDIAL PLAN TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF WASTEWATER BEING DISCHARGED INTO THE RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA AS DENOUNCED BY THE PROTECTED PARTIES IN THE RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA, AND FOR IT TO BE EXECUTED WITHIN SIX MONTHS.
LBH01/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
GRIEVANCE.
000235-21. SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO, WITHIN TWO MONTHS, PREPARE A REMEDIAL PLAN TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF WASTEWATER BEING DISCHARGED INTO THE RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA AS DENOUNCED BY THE PROTECTED PARTIES IN THE RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA, AND FOR IT TO BE EXECUTED WITHIN SIX MONTHS.
LBH01/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
WATER.
000235-21. SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO, WITHIN TWO MONTHS, PREPARE A REMEDIAL PLAN TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF WASTEWATER BEING DISCHARGED INTO THE RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA AS DENOUNCED BY THE PROTECTED PARTIES IN THE RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA, AND FOR IT TO BE EXECUTED WITHIN SIX MONTHS.
LBH01/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: PROMPT RESOLUTION Subtopics:
ADMINISTRATIVE DELAY..
EXCEPTION. Before analyzing the merits of the matter—regarding the alleged violation of the right to a prompt and timely procedure—it must be clarified that, pursuant to judgment No. 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction—with some exceptions—those matters in which it is discussed whether the public administration has complied or not with the deadlines set by the General Law of Public Administration (articles 261 and 325) or sectoral laws for special administrative procedures, to resolve by final act an administrative procedure—initiated ex officio or at the request of a party—or to hear the appropriate administrative appeals. Precisely, in this case, an exception arises because we are dealing with an environmental complaint regarding untreated wastewater being discharged into the Ríos Bermúdez y Virilla. Having clarified this point, we proceed to resolve the specific situation raised in this amparo.
LBH01/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
POLLUTION.
000235-21. SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO, WITHIN TWO MONTHS, PREPARE A REMEDIAL PLAN TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF WASTEWATER BEING DISCHARGED INTO THE RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA AS DENOUNCED BY THE PROTECTED PARTIES IN THE RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA, AND FOR IT TO BE EXECUTED WITHIN SIX MONTHS.
LBH01/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE.
000235-21. SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS ARE ORDERED TO, WITHIN TWO MONTHS, PREPARE A REMEDIAL PLAN TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF WASTEWATER BEING DISCHARGED INTO THE RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA AS DENOUNCED BY THE PROTECTED PARTIES IN THE RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA, AND FOR IT TO BE EXECUTED WITHIN SIX MONTHS.
LBH01/21 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Separate Note Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
POLLUTION.
NOTE BY MAGISTRATE HERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ REGARDING THE CLAIM FOR INFRINGEMENT OF ARTICLE 50 OF THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. 1. The historical context that originally motivated the Chamber's extensive intervention in environmental matters has undergone a considerable change, which requires this body to reconsider the conditions for its participation in ensuring the right of individuals to a healthy and balanced environment, as protected under Article 50 of the Political Constitution. Indeed, the current situation—characterized by a very extensive production of laws and regulations that include substantive rules, procedures, and the creation of bodies for compliance with what is ordered in the Fundamental Charter—is radically different from the previous one, in which the absence of regulations and state entities with appropriate competence imposed on the Chamber a role as the protagonist, almost singular, in the defense of the aforementioned constitutional right. 2.
Today, we find ourselves facing a "dense framework" of environmental regulations, which has produced two relevant phenomena: the first and most obvious is the emergence of a comprehensive legal regulation regarding activities whose impact on the environment was poorly or not at all regulated, including the creation of state bodies with oversight and control powers over the effects of human activity on the surroundings. The second phenomenon is that this increasing juridification—predominantly legislative and regulatory—brings with it an unavoidable entry onto the scene of both administrative justice and ordinary jurisdiction—primarily the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, but also the criminal jurisdiction. Within these, in accordance with the importance of environmental law, broad procedural avenues and inclusive means of standing have been regulated, so that individuals can enforce what is established in that broad legal order related to environmental matters. 3.
In this context, it is not legally appropriate, nor from a functional point of view, for the Constitutional Chamber to displace, or—even worse—substitute, the ordinary justice bodies in carrying out their task, also of constitutional rank, of ensuring the effective compliance with laws and regulations. It is legally improper because in the vast majority of these cases, what is requested is that it interpret and enforce legal and regulatory norms, risking an overlap of its competences with those of other jurisdictional bodies that—are indeed—created to execute such tasks; and it is also functionally incorrect, because the design of its processes does not fit well with the complexity present in numerous environmental conflicts composed of technically and legally complex series of facts and acts. On both issues, there are well-known examples in which the Chamber has delivered a half-baked or technically incomplete resolution, or unnecessary frictions and affecting legal certainty have been generated. 4.
As part of the technical aspects I have assessed, I add the fact that this jurisdiction does not have enforcement judges to allow for adequate follow-up on judgments—generally complex—which sometimes involve the monitoring of remedial plans, among others, with inter-institutional coordination and monitoring for months and even years. 5. From that perspective, the decision by this Court to take a step aside in environmental matters should not be seen as an abandonment of the environmental field, but rather, on the contrary, as its adequate protection in the instance best suited to the nature of its complexity and diversity. Likewise, it should not be seen as this instance declining its task of protecting constitutional rights imposed by the Political Constitution and its Organic Law, which, from my point of view, remains reserved in this area for specific cases. It is rather an exercise of rearranging the burdens and tasks that correspond to the different state bodies, so that each of them can fully deploy its work within the scope assigned to it, as well as the exercise of determining its own competence, as established in Article 7 of its Organic Law. 6.
It is clear that the Chamber does not propose to abandon the task of protecting people's rights in environmental matters to other jurisdictions. It is known that while any claim for infringement of legal and regulatory norms can be redirected to the constitutional sphere, there are cases whose resolution requires nothing more than the application of constitutional law. It is therefore about ensuring that the Chamber becomes a protagonist along with others, so that—among all and each within its space—we can cover the entire variety of situations presented by the protection of the right to a healthy and balanced environment within a society in which there are also other equally pressing needs. With this position, I firmly believe that the citizen does not lose an iota of protection, but substantial gains are made in breadth, perspective, and respect for the balance and distribution of powers, this last principle being of mandatory consideration, since it governs the constitutional dynamic of any liberal and democratic system such as ours.- 7.
In line with the above, I maintain that this Chamber should refrain from hearing claims presented to it for alleged infringement of Article 50 of the Political Constitution, in order to leave their hearing to the administrative justice and the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. The foregoing is stated with general character, without prejudice to recognizing the existence of particular cases or groups of cases that, in my opinion, would still be better protected by this Chamber and should therefore be heard and resolved by it.- Within such groups of cases, and without this enunciation being considered a closed and definitive list, I can indicate that the Chamber should reserve for itself the hearing of situations such as, for example, claims for environmental violations that also pose a direct risk to people's health, or to the access to or quality of water; cases of gross and direct violations of the environment in which a manifest absence of protection by state authorities is verified, provided that the nature of the claim also allows it to be addressed through the instrument of amparo as a summary and special procedural institute, since I believe that the amparo should also not be "made ordinary" to address, even in these cited cases, issues that exceed the capacity to be adequately handled within it. 8.
In the specific case, in accordance with the proven facts, the claim of the appealing party could eventually affect the health of the residents of Residencial Doña Rosa and Lomas de Cariari in Belén, as untreated wastewater and sewage (aguas residuales y negras) are being discharged directly into the Río Virilla and Río Bermúdez, because this is a problem of sanitary environmental pollution (contaminación ambiental sanitaria) already verified by the respondent authorities. Consequently, it is clear that we are facing the exceptions mentioned, and for that reason, I have considered it necessary for the Chamber to exercise its competence, to verify or rule out whether the indicated omissions violate the fundamental rights of the protected persons.
LBH01/21 ... See more *200217870007CO* CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours fifteen minutes on January eighth, two thousand twenty-one.
Amparo appeal processed in case file No. 20-021787-0007-CO, filed by [Name 001], identity card [Value 001] AND [Name 002], identity card [Value 002], against THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY, THE REGULATORY AUTHORITY FOR PUBLIC SERVICES (ARESEP) AND THE MUNICIPALITY OF BELÉN.
Whereas:
It indicates that on November 10, 2020, the Control and Protection Coordinator of the Heredia Office held a follow-up discussion on the progress of this case with Licda. Daniela Montealegre Mena. That same day, he also held a discussion with the Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Belén to learn about the background and actions the Municipality has taken regarding this complaint, who indicated that they are seeking to acquire land to build a treatment plant for the wastewater, but to date they have not been able to obtain an offer that meets the requirements. Finally, it indicates that the three institutions (SINAC, Ministry of Health, and Municipality of Belén) agreed to conduct a joint field visit on November 27, 2020; however, it was suspended because the Municipality official in charge of the case was in isolation due to COVID-19. As such, they are awaiting the new call. It requests that the appeal be dismissed.
Drafted by Magistrate Garro Vargas; and,
Considering:
I.Preliminary question. Before analyzing the merits of the matter -due to the alleged violation of the right to a prompt and complete procedure- it must be clarified that, as of judgment No. 2008-02545 at 8:55 hours on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction -with some exceptions- those matters in which it is discussed whether the public administration has complied or not with the timeframes established by the General Law of Public Administration (Articles 261 and 325) or sectoral laws for special administrative procedures, to resolve by final act an administrative procedure -initiated ex officio or at the request of a party- or to hear the appropriate administrative appeals. Precisely, in this case, an exception scenario is raised because this is an environmental complaint regarding wastewater that is discharged into the Bermúdez and Virilla Rivers without any treatment. Having clarified this point, we proceed to resolve the specific situation raised in this amparo.
II.Regarding the active joinder. In the specific case, Attorney Álvaro Sagot Rodríguez states that the Municipality of Belén has violated the provisions of constitutional numerals 21, 50, and 89 by willfully allowing, for many years, the discharge of residual and black waters into the riverbed, thus contributing to the loss of biodiversity, in addition to the fact that the matter flowing down to the ocean generates greenhouse gases that negatively participate in climate change, which should not be permitted. Furthermore, he maintains that by having allowed the direct discharge of contaminated waters into the watercourse for many years, numeral 11 of the "Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 'Protocol of San Salvador'" is violated. In previous judgments, this Tribunal has indicated that joinder is a form of adhesive intervention that occurs when a person acts in a proceeding by adhering to the claims of one of the main parties; consequently, whoever holds a direct interest in the outcome of the appeal is legitimized to act as a joining party, but not being a main party, the joining party will not be directly affected by the judgment.
That is, the effectiveness of the judgment cannot reach them directly and immediately, nor does the res judicata status of the ruling affect them, although in amparo matters the effectiveness of what is resolved may favor them, due to the "erga omnes" character that the jurisprudence and precedents of the constitutional jurisdiction have (Article 13 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction). Consequently, by virtue of the provisions of the aforementioned procedural norm and what was stated by the intervener, the referred joinder is admissible.
III.Object of the appeal. The appellants state that on September 23, 2020, they filed a complaint about the environmental problem before the respondent authorities because the wastewater from the houses of the Bosques de Doña Rosa and Lomas de Cariari Residential Complexes is discharged into the Bermúdez and Virilla Rivers without any treatment. They accuse that the respondent authorities at no time provide solutions to the exposed problem. They consider their fundamental rights violated.
Without specifying an exact date, but in the year 2007, the Municipality of Belén created the Sanitary Sewer Unit (see report rendered under oath); The Municipality of Belén approved the Master Plan for the Collection, Treatment, and Disposal of Wastewater (PMAS) of the canton of Belén (see report rendered under oath); Without specifying an exact date, but in the year 2014, the Municipality of Belén replaced an extension of approximately 300 meters of existing concrete pipe on the Bosques de Doña Rosa boulevard with high-resistance PVC pipe to prevent tree roots from entering and thus the formation of blockages and wastewater overflow (see report rendered under oath); On September 23, 2020, the appellants filed a complaint before the Municipality of Belén for apparent contamination of the Virilla and Bermúdez Rivers due to the direct and untreated discharge of wastewater from the Lomas de Cariari and Bosques de Doña Rosa residential complexes (see report rendered under oath); The Sewer Unit of the Municipality of Belén has carried out projects related to the sanitary sewer system of Residencial Cariari, which are: a) Preparation of the Master Plan for the Collection, Treatment, and Disposal of Wastewater of the canton of Belén, dividing the canton into basins with a horizon to 2040, with an approximate investment of two hundred million colones; b) The division of the canton into three Basins; Cariari is located in Basin A, which is divided into four stages of sanitary sewer and wastewater treatment plant construction: Stage I Bosques de Doña Rosa, Stage II Bosques de Doña Claudia, Stage III central part of the district of La Asunción, and Stage IV Industrial Zone; c) The Sanitary Sewer and Wastewater Treatment Plant Project for Residencial Belén; d) The focus turned to Residencial Cariari for the location and purchase of land for the WWTP composed of several housing developments.
These had already been considered in the Master Plan for Sanitary Sewers and in the Remedial Studies; e) The preparation of the Remedial Plan for the discharge of wastewater from Cariari, prepared for the Ministry of Health in two issues, the first from 2007 to 2017 and the update or second issue from 2018 to 2025; f) The best land for the construction of the WWTP was located, an area of 1Ha located on the right bank of the Bermúdez River. Therefore, negotiations were successfully conducted with the neighbors, the lands were declared of public interest, the lands were registered and an appraisal was requested from the Ministry of Finance, and the contracting of an Environmental Feasibility Study was managed before SETENA for the construction of the First Stage of the WWTP for Bosques de Doña Rosa (see report rendered under oath); The Environmental Unit of the Municipality of Belén requested from the Belén-Flores Health Area, via official letter UA-160-2020, a 30-business-day extension for the presentation of the intervention required in official letter MS-DRRSCN-DARSBF-2309-2020 (see report rendered under oath).
V.Regarding the specific case.- The appellants claim inaction by the respondent authorities regarding the environmental complaint filed for the apparent contamination of the Virilla and Bermúdez Rivers due to the direct and untreated discharge of wastewater from the Lomas de Cariari and Bosques de Doña Rosa residential complexes. From the analysis of the reports rendered by the respondent authorities and the evidence provided for the resolution of the matter, this Chamber verifies the violation of the fundamental rights of the appellants. It is proven that the respondent authorities (the Municipality of Belén, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Environment and Energy) have full knowledge of and accept the problem reported by the petitioners, who have followed up through meetings, inspections, and have executed actions. However, despite the actions and steps taken, this Chamber finds that currently the reported situation of wastewater being discharged into the Virilla and Bermúdez rivers without any treatment persists, which is an evident serious sanitary problem affecting the environment and the health of the inhabitants of the communities.
By virtue of the foregoing, it is proven that the actions of the respondent authorities have been insufficient, because they have not taken preventive or precautionary measures aimed at reducing the environmental damage, since it has persisted since 2014, the time when the Ministry of Health issued sanitary order No. CN.ARS.BF.OS-074-2014 against the Municipality of Belén, as it remains in effect and unfulfilled. Furthermore, it is not evident that said authorities have provided a response to the appellants. Consequently, it is appropriate to grant the appeal so that the Municipality of Belén, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Environment and Energy issue a remedial plan to definitively resolve the problem reported by the appellants jointly, through the respective actions within the scope of their competencies.
Finally, regarding the Regulatory Authority for Public Services, it is evident that they became aware of the reported problem through the Ministry of Health when it forwarded the complaint to the other authorities; however, it is not evident that this Ministry requested its intervention through a proceeding, nor that it participated in the actions with the other respondent authorities. For the foregoing reasons, there is no basis to grant the appeal against it, as the appellants do not attribute any omission to it.
1. The historical context that at the time motivated the Chamber's broad intervention in environmental matters has undergone considerable variation, which compels this body to reconsider the conditions for its participation in ensuring the right of individuals to a healthy and balanced environment, as protected in Article 50 of the Political Constitution. Indeed, the current situation – characterized by a vast production of laws and regulations that include substantive rules, procedures, and the creation of bodies for the fulfillment of what is ordered in the Fundamental Charter – is radically different from the previous one, in which the absence of regulations and state agencies with appropriate competence imposed upon the Chamber a protagonist role, almost unique, in the defense of the aforementioned constitutional right.
2. Today, we find ourselves facing a "dense framework" of environmental regulations, which has produced two relevant phenomena: the first and most obvious is the emergence of a comprehensive legal regulation regarding activities whose impact on the environment was poorly or not at all regulated, thus the creation of state bodies with powers of surveillance and control over the effects of human activity on the environment. The second phenomenon is that this increasing juridification – predominantly legislative and regulatory – brings with it an unavoidable entry onto the scene of both administrative justice and ordinary jurisdiction – primarily the contentious-administrative, but also criminal. In them, in accordance with the importance of environmental law, inclusive procedural avenues and standing rules have been broadly regulated, so that administered parties can enforce what is established in that broad legal order related to the environmental theme.
3. In this context, it is neither legally appropriate nor functionally correct for the Constitutional Chamber to displace, or – even worse – substitute, the ordinary justice bodies in the performance of their task, also of constitutional rank, of ensuring the effective compliance with laws and regulations. It is legally improper because in the vast majority of these cases, what is requested is that it interpret and enforce legal and regulatory norms, thereby risking overlapping its competencies with those of other jurisdictional bodies that – they themselves – have been created to execute such tasks; and it is also functionally incorrect because the design of its processes ill fits the complexity present in numerous environmental conflicts, which are composed of series of technically and legally complex facts and acts. On both matters, there are well-known examples in which the Chamber has issued a half-resolved or technically incomplete resolution, or unnecessary frictions and impacts on legal certainty have been generated.
4. As part of the technical aspects I have assessed, I add the fact that this jurisdiction does not have judgment enforcement judges to allow adequate follow-up on them – generally complex –, which sometimes involve the follow-up of remedial plans, among others, with inter-institutional coordination and follow-up over months and even years.
5.
From that perspective, the decision to step aside in environmental matters by this Court should not be viewed as an abandonment of environmental matters, but rather the opposite, as its proper protection at the instance that best suits the nature of its complexity and diversity. Likewise, it should not be viewed as this instance declining its task of protecting the constitutional rights imposed upon it by the Political Constitution and its Organic Law, which from my point of view remains reserved in this area for specific cases. It is, rather, an exercise of readjusting the burdens and tasks that correspond to the different state bodies, so that each of them may fully deploy its work within the scope assigned to it, as well as an exercise of determining its own competence, as set forth in Article 7 of its Organic Law. 6. It is clear that this Chamber does not propose to abandon to other jurisdictions the task of protecting the rights of individuals in environmental matters.
It is known that although every claim for infringement of legal and regulatory norms can be redirected to the constitutional sphere, there are cases whose resolution requires no more than the application of constitutional law. It is therefore a matter of ensuring that this Chamber becomes a protagonist together with others, so that — among all and each in their own space — the entire variety of situations presented by the protection of the right to a healthy and balanced environment within a society in which there are also other equally pressing needs can be covered. With this position, I firmly believe that the citizen does not lose an iota of protection, but there is a substantial gain in breadth, in perspective, and in respect for the balance and distribution of powers, this latter principle being of obligatory consideration, since it governs the constitutional dynamic of any liberal and democratic system like ours.- 7.
In line with the foregoing, I maintain that this Chamber must abstain from hearing the claims presented to it for alleged violation of Article 50 of the Political Constitution, in order to leave their hearing in the hands of administrative justice and the administrative litigation jurisdiction. The above is stated on a general basis, without prejudice to recognizing the existence of particular cases or groups of cases that, in my opinion, would still be better protected by this Chamber and therefore must be heard and resolved by it.- Within such groups of cases, and without this enumeration being considered a closed and definitive list, I can point out that this Chamber must reserve the hearing of situations such as, for example, claims for environmental violations that also directly endanger the health of individuals, or the access to or quality of water; cases of gross and direct violations against the environment in which a manifest lack of protection by state authorities is verified, provided always that the nature of the claim also allows it to be addressed through the instrument of amparo as a summary and special procedural institute, since I consider that amparo (amparo) must not be "ordinary-ized" to address, even in these cited cases, matters that exceed the capacity to be adequately handled within it. 8.
In the specific case, in accordance with the proven facts, the claim of the appellant party could eventually affect the health of the residents of Residencial Doña Rosa and Lomas de Cariari in Belén, as waste water and black water are being discharged directly into the Río Virilla and Río Bermúdez, meaning that we are dealing with a sanitary environmental pollution problem already verified by the respondent authorities. Consequently, it is clear that we are faced with the exceptions mentioned, and for that reason I have considered it necessary for this Chamber to exercise its competence, to verify or rule out whether the omissions indicated violate the fundamental rights of the persons protected by the amparo (amparados).
The appellant party is warned that if any paper document was provided, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be removed from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not removed within this period will be destroyed, in accordance with the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", approved by the Corte Plena in session N° 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI and published in the Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session N° 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Por tanto: The recurso is partially granted. Thais María Zumbado Ramírez, in her capacity as Mayor, and Eddie Méndez Ulate, in his capacity as Council President, both of the Municipalidad de Belén, Luis Gustavo Espinoza Cháves, in his capacity as Director of the Área Rectora de Salud Belén-Flores, and José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, Director of Water of the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, or whoever holds those positions in their stead, are ordered, jointly and in coordination: a) to immediately adopt the necessary measures so that within a maximum period of TWO MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment, a remedial plan shall have been prepared to solve the waste water problem that is being discharged into the Bermúdez and Virilla rivers, as reported by the amparo petitioners (amparados) in the Lomas de Cariari and Bosques de Doña Rosa residential complexes; b) to carry out and execute that plan to provide a definitive solution to that problem within a period of SIX MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment; c) to immediately adopt the necessary measures to mitigate that pollution; d) that while the complaint is being resolved, the appellants shall be kept informed of the progress of the actions.
The respondent authorities are warned that if they do not comply with said orders, they will incur the crime of disobedience and that, in accordance with Article 71 of the Law of this jurisdiction, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, will be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued in an amparo (amparo) recurso and fails to comply with it or fails to enforce it, provided the crime is not more severely penalized. The State is ordered to pay costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts serving as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of judgment of the administrative litigation. With respect to the Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos, the recurso is dismissed. Judge Hernández López places a note. Notifíquese. - Fernando Castillo V.
Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Jose Paulino Hernández G.
Marta Eugenia Esquivel R.
*OIKZ11MUQ0O61* Clasificación elaborada por SALA CONSTITUCIONALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
Sentencia con nota separada Sentencia con datos protegidos, de conformidad con la normativa vigente Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
ALCANTARILLADO.
000235-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE DOS MESES, ELABOREN UN PLAN REMEDIAL PARA SOLUCIONAR EL PROBLEMA DE LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES QUE SON VERTIDAS A LOS RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA QUE DENUNCIAN LOS AMPARADOS EN LOS RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA Y, QUE SEA EJECUTADO EN UN PLAZO DE SEIS MESES.
LBH01/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
INFRAESTRUCTURA Y CONDICIONES.
000235-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE DOS MESES, ELABOREN UN PLAN REMEDIAL PARA SOLUCIONAR EL PROBLEMA DE LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES QUE SON VERTIDAS A LOS RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA QUE DENUNCIAN LOS AMPARADOS EN LOS RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA Y, QUE SEA EJECUTADO EN UN PLAZO DE SEIS MESES.
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Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
DENUNCIA.
000235-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE DOS MESES, ELABOREN UN PLAN REMEDIAL PARA SOLUCIONAR EL PROBLEMA DE LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES QUE SON VERTIDAS A LOS RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA QUE DENUNCIAN LOS AMPARADOS EN LOS RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA Y, QUE SEA EJECUTADO EN UN PLAZO DE SEIS MESES.
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Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
QUEJA.
000235-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE DOS MESES, ELABOREN UN PLAN REMEDIAL PARA SOLUCIONAR EL PROBLEMA DE LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES QUE SON VERTIDAS A LOS RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA QUE DENUNCIAN LOS AMPARADOS EN LOS RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA Y, QUE SEA EJECUTADO EN UN PLAZO DE SEIS MESES.
LBH01/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
AGUAS.
000235-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE DOS MESES, ELABOREN UN PLAN REMEDIAL PARA SOLUCIONAR EL PROBLEMA DE LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES QUE SON VERTIDAS A LOS RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA QUE DENUNCIAN LOS AMPARADOS EN LOS RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA Y, QUE SEA EJECUTADO EN UN PLAZO DE SEIS MESES.
LBH01/21 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: PRONTA RESOLUCIÓN Subtemas:
MORA ADMINISTRATIVA..
EXCEPCIÓN. De previo a analizar el fondo del asunto -por la presunta violación del derecho a un procedimiento pronto y cumplido- debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia No. 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas del 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa -con algunas excepciones-, aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la administración pública ha cumplido o no los plazos pautados por la Ley General de la Administraci ón Pública (artículos 261 y 325) o las leyes sectoriales para los procedimientos administrativos especiales, para resolver por acto final un procedimiento administrativo -instruido de oficio o a instancia de parte- o conocer de los recursos administrativos procedentes. Precisamente, en este caso, se plantea un supuesto de excepción pues, se está ante una denuncia ambiental por aguas residuales que son vertidas a los Ríos Bermúdez y Virilla sin tratamiento alguno. Aclarado el punto, se entra a resolver la situación concreta planteada en este amparo.
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Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
CONTAMINACION.
000235-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE DOS MESES, ELABOREN UN PLAN REMEDIAL PARA SOLUCIONAR EL PROBLEMA DE LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES QUE SON VERTIDAS A LOS RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA QUE DENUNCIAN LOS AMPARADOS EN LOS RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA Y, QUE SEA EJECUTADO EN UN PLAZO DE SEIS MESES.
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Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
DAÑO AMBIENTAL.
000235-21. SE ORDENA A VARIAS INSTITUCIONES, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE DOS MESES, ELABOREN UN PLAN REMEDIAL PARA SOLUCIONAR EL PROBLEMA DE LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES QUE SON VERTIDAS A LOS RÍOS BERMÚDEZ Y VIRILLA QUE DENUNCIAN LOS AMPARADOS EN LOS RESIDENCIALES LOMAS DE CARIARI Y BOSQUES DE DOÑA ROSA Y, QUE SEA EJECUTADO EN UN PLAZO DE SEIS MESES.
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Tipo de contenido: Nota separada Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
CONTAMINACION.
NOTA DE LA MAGISTRADA HERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ RESPECTO DEL RECLAMO POR INFRACCIÓN DEL ARTÍCULO 50 DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA. 1. El contexto histórico que motivó en su momento la amplia intervención de la Sala en materia ambiental, ha tenido una considerable variación que impone a este órgano reconsiderar las condiciones para su participación en el aseguramiento del derecho de las personas a un ambiente sano y equilibrado, tal y como ha sido tutelado en el artículo 50 de la Constitución Política. En efecto, la situación actual –caracterizada por una amplísima producción legal y reglamentaria que incluye reglas de fondo, procedimientos y creación de órganos para el cumplimiento de lo ordenado en la Carta Fundamental- es radicalmente diferente de la anterior, en la cual la ausencia de normativa y de instancias estatales con competencia apropiada, le impuso a la Sala un papel de protagonista, casi único, en la defensa del precitado derecho constitucional. 2.
Hoy en día, nos encontramos frente a un “denso entramado” de normativa ambiental, lo cual ha producido dos fenómenos relevantes: el primero y más obvio, es el surgimiento de una abarcadora regulación jurídica respecto de actividades cuya incidencia en el ambiente estaba poco o nada ordenada, así la creación de órganos estatales con potestades de vigilancia y control sobre los efectos de la actividad humana en el entorno. El segundo fenómeno consiste en que esa creciente juridificación –predominantemente legislativa y reglamentaria– trae aparejada una ineludible entrada en escena tanto de la justicia administrativa como de la jurisdicción ordinaria -prioritariamente la contencioso administrativa, pero también la penal. En ellas, acorde con la importancia del derecho ambiental, se han regulado de forma amplia vías procesales y medios de legitimación incluyentes, de manera que los administrados puedan hacer valer lo establecido en ese amplio orden jurídico que se relaciona con el tema ambiental. 3.
En ese contexto, no resulta apropiado jurídicamente, ni desde el punto de vista funcional, que la Sala Constitucional desplace, o -peor aún- sustituya, a los órganos de justicia ordinarios en la realización de su tarea, también de rango constitucional, de velar por el efectivo cumplimiento de leyes y reglamentos. Es impropio jurídicamente porque en la inmensa mayoría de estos casos lo que se solicita es que interprete y haga valer normas legales y reglamentarias con lo que arriesga traslapar sus competencias con las de otros órganos jurisdiccionales que –ellos sí- han sido creados para ejecutar tales tareas; y resulta también funcionalmente incorrecto, porque el diseño de sus procesos se aviene mal con la complejidad que está presente en numerosos conflictos ambientales que se componen de series de hechos y actos técnica y jurídicamente complejos. Sobre ambas cuestiones existen conocidos ejemplos en los que la Sala ha arrojado una resolución a medias o técnicamente incompleta, o bien se han generado fricciones innecesarias y afectación de la seguridad jurídica. 4.
Como parte de los aspectos técnicos que he valorado, añado que está el hecho de que esta jurisdicción no cuenta con jueces ejecutores de sentencia que permitan darle seguimiento adecuado a las mismas -generalmente complejas-, que implican en ocasiones el seguimiento de planes remediales, entre otros, con coordinación interinstitucional y seguimiento de meses y hasta años. 5. Desde esa perspectiva, la decisión de dar un paso al lado en la materia ambiental por parte de este Tribunal no debe ser vista como un abandono de la materia ambiental, sino al contrario, de su adecuada tutela en la instancia que mejor se aviene a la naturaleza de su complejidad y diversidad. Asimismo tampoco debe ser visto como la declinación de esta instancia en su tarea de protección de los derechos constitucionales que le imponen la Constitución Política y su Ley Orgánica, que desde mi punto de vista, queda reservada en esta materia para casos específicos.
Se trata más bien, de un ejercicio de reacomodo de las cargas y tareas que corresponden a los distintos órganos estatales, de manera que cada uno de ellos, pueda desplegar plenamente su labor dentro del ámbito que se le ha asignado, así como del ejercicio de fijar su propia competencia, según lo establece el artículo 7 de su Ley Orgánica. 6. Queda claro que la Sala no se plantea abandonar a otras jurisdicciones la labor de protección de los derechos de las personas en materia ambiental. Es conocido que si bien todo reclamo por infracción de normas legales y reglamentarias puede ser reconducido hasta el ámbito constitucional, existen casos cuya resolución no exige más que la aplicación del derecho de la Constitución. Se trata entonces de lograr que la Sala se convierta en protagonista junto con otros, de manera que –entre todos y cada uno en su espacio- se pueda cubrir toda la variedad de situaciones que presenta una protección del derecho a un medio ambiente sano y equilibrado dentro de una sociedad en la que también existen otras necesidades igual de acuciantes.
Con esta posición creo firmemente que el ciudadano no pierde un ápice de protección pero se gana sustancialmente en amplitud, en perspectiva y en respeto al equilibrio y distribución de poderes, principio este último de obligada consideración, puesto que rige la dinámica constitucional de cualquier sistema liberal y democrático como el nuestro.- 7. En línea con lo anterior, sostengo que esta Sala debe abstenerse de conocer los reclamos que se le presenten por supuesta infracción al artículo 50 de la Constitución Política para dejar en manos de la justicia administrativa y la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa su conocimiento. Lo anterior se deja afirmado con carácter general, sin perjuicio de reconocer la existencia de casos particulares o grupos de casos que, según mi criterio, si resultarían aún mejor tutelados por esta Sala y por tanto deben ser conocidos y resueltos por ella.- Dentro de tales grupos de casos, y sin que esta enunciación pueda considerarse como una lista cerrada y definitiva, puedo señalar que la Sala debe reservarse el conocimiento de situaciones como por ejemplo los reclamos por infracciones ambientales que además pongan en riesgo directo la salud de las personas, o el acceso o calidad del agua; los casos de violaciones groseras y directas al ambiente y en los cuales se constate una palmaria ausencia de la protección por parte de las autoridades estatales, siempre y cuando además la naturaleza del reclamo permita ser abordado mediante el instrumento del amparo como instituto procesal sumario y especial, ya que estimo que tampoco se debe “ordinariar” el amparo para abordar, aún en estos casos citados, temas que rebasen la capacidad de ser atendidos adecuadamente en el mismo. 8.
En el caso concreto, de conformidad con los hechos probados, el reclamo de la parte recurrente, podría eventualmente incidir en la salud de los vecinos de Residencial Doña Rosa y Lomas de Cariari en Belén, pues se están vertiendo aguas residuales y negras de manera directa al Río Virilla y Río Bermúdez, por cuanto se está ante un problema de contaminación ambiental sanitaria ya verificado por las autoridades recurridas. En consecuencia, es claro que estamos ante las excepciones que mencionan y por esa razón he considerado necesario que la Sala ejerciera su competencia, para comprobar o descartar si las omisiones señaladas, vulneran los derechos fundamentales de las personas amparadas.
LBH01/21 ... Ver más *200217870007CO* SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas quince minutos del ocho de enero de dos mil veintiuno .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente No. 20-021787-0007-CO, interpuesto por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad [Valor 001] Y [Nombre 002], cédula de identidad [Valor 002], contra EL MINISTERIO DE SALUD, EL MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGÍA, LA AUTORIDAD REGULADORA DE SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS (ARESEP) Y LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE BELÉN.
Resultando:
Fernando Castillo V.
Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Jose Paulino Hernández G.
Marta Eugenia Esquivel R.
*OIKZ11MUQ0O61* Clasificación elaborada por SALA CONSTITUCIONALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
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