Interested third parties in damages to plantations under environmental services paymentTerceros interesados en daños a plantaciones con pago de servicios ambientales

I.Mr. Omar Brenes Arroyo, acting as special judicial attorney-in-fact for the defendant entity, at folio 374, raises the exception called “perpetual necessary joinder of parties (perpetua de litisconsorcio necesaria).” He grounds his request on the belief that the National Forest Financing Fund (Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal) was not timely called into the proceeding, because the plaintiffs, according to the evidence visible at folios 6 to 17, submitted the eleven lease contracts to the voluntary forest regime in order to execute a reforestation plan. The lessees entered into a group contract with the Cooperativa Agropecuaria e Industrial de la Península de Nicoya R.L, reforestation project number 007, in this regard he provides at folios 421 to 893 copies of case file 211 TE 05 which is located in the National Forest Financing Fund; he therefore considers that this public entity, the State through the Ministry of the Environment (Ministerio del Ambiente), and the Cooperative Copepenin R.L., must be joined to the proceeding as co-parties (litis consortes), because the plaintiffs seek compensation for the damages suffered by the plantations subject to the aforementioned forest contracts. Those entities have contributed large sums of money to the plaintiffs’ projects, according to the petitioner, and the plaintiffs have omitted to state this in this proceeding. He believes they could fall within the hypothesis of Article 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Código Procesal Civil), of “procedural fraud (estafa procesal)” (sic). Regarding the viability of this exception, he analyzes decisions of this Tribunal and of the First Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice, through which he concludes that, in the present case, the joinder of parties (litis) should have been correctly integrated given the omission by the trial court, at the request of the plaintiff. He concludes by requesting, since the timely procedural moment to integrate it has passed, that a dismissive or inhibitory judgment be issued, condemning the plaintiffs to pay both sets of costs.

II.The exception raised, as the banking entity itself states, is improper; because, even in the event that it concerns the joinder of parties, and this is a prerequisite for the viability of the action, the appropriate course is to analyze ex officio whether those entities should be called as third parties in accordance with Article 40 of the Law of Agrarian Jurisdiction (Ley de Jurisdicción Agraria). In the case at bar, the plaintiffs claim from the banking entity the payment of damages (daños y perjuicios) suffered in their plantations, by virtue of a fire which, as related in the facts of the complaint (folio 56 to 70), started on the portion owned by the defendant. At its core, they seek compensation for the economic cost of the technical management of the plantation, the average loss of 15% of the trunk of each burned tree when it reaches adulthood; the mortality of the plants after the fire; the replanting of the trees killed by the fire; the time of delay or lost profits (lucro cesante) experienced by the plantation; to pay the plaintiff company the cost of repair, removal of debris, burned posts, trees fallen on fences due to the fire; charred barbed wire; the reconstruction of 4 kilometers of boundary and adjoining fences; the damage suffered by the primary forest that burned; the damage caused to the soil as a result of the fire, in addition to interest and costs of this action.

III.From the study of the plaintiffs’ claims, three orientations in their claim emerge: 1. Compensation for the damages of the lessees, for the loss or deterioration of the plantations. 2. The damages of the lessor and owner of the property. 3. The damage to the soil, that is to the environment, from the effect of the fire. Regarding the first group, it is true that they have contracts subject to the private forest regime, and they have received payment for environmental services (pago de los servicios ambientales) under the terms of Forest Law (Ley Forestal) 7575. It is precisely through the National Forest Financing Fund that they have obtained economic benefits (Article 46 of the aforementioned Law). The payment for environmental services turns out to be the product of the State's attempts aimed at ensuring the conservation and sustainable use of tropical forests. It is a financial system, which seeks to compensate the owners (in this case) of the forest plantations for the environmental benefits that these provide to the country, since they positively affect the environment. In this case, the economic benefit for the lessees is for the purpose of establishing a forest plantation (see documents folios 18 to 23 relating to the Coopepenin R.L. program). This cooperative, in turn, organizes a group of lessees or property owners to submit to a reforestation project. This entity would be in charge of coordinating and supervising the project, which was to be executed individually, including by the plaintiff-lessees (contract at folio 422). Within the execution of the contract, annual installment payments are agreed upon for the environmental service they provide. Furthermore, the contract establishes a series of obligations for both the producers and the organization. This type of contract is voluntary, but in accordance with Article 58 of the Regulations to the Forest Law (Reglamento a la Ley Forestal), during the execution thereof, the real property becomes subject to encumbrances (afectaciones) due to the regime of environmental services. This is for the purpose of safeguarding the actions of FONAFIFO, which is the entity with instrumental legal personality to which the State delegated the execution of the payment for environmental services (Article 46 of the Forest Law). For this reason, all those judicial proceedings in which those environmental commitments may be affected must be called to trial as third parties. In this case, the issue is to determine the liability of the banking entity in the incident, by virtue of the damage to the plantation, for which they have received funds from FONOFIFO. The modality used in this matter is with the delivery of cash, and under the terms of Articles 46 and 69 of the Forest Law, since a reforestation process is being financed through credits.

IV.Regarding the claims relating to damage to the soil, this refers to the potential damage caused to biodiversity, because that fire could have affected the variability of living organisms from terrestrial sources, as well as the impact on the soil’s capacity for production. The environmental services contract serves as a mechanism for the protection of biodiversity, and in particular of forest ecosystems (ecosistemas boscosos), since these provide great benefits to the country. In accordance with Article 3, subsection i) of the Organic Law of the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic (Ley Orgánica de la Procuraduría General de la República) ARTICLE 3.- POWERS: … The powers of the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic are: ) To act in defense of the national heritage, of the resources existing in the maritime-terrestrial zone (zona marítimo-terrestre), the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone, and the continental shelf. To take the appropriate legal actions in safeguarding the environment, in order to guarantee the constitutional right of every person to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. To ensure the correct application of international conventions, treaties, laws, regulations, and other provisions on those matters. To investigate, ex officio or at the request of a party, any action or omission that violates the indicated regulations. To be considered a party, from the beginning of the proceeding, in criminal proceedings in which the commission of an infraction or the violation of environmental legislation and the Law on the Maritime-Terrestrial Zone (Ley sobre la Zona Marítimo-Terrestre) is imputed. To this end, it may exercise criminal action, ex officio, without being subordinated to the actions and decisions of the Public Prosecutor’s Office (Ministerio Público); to file the same appeals that the Code of Criminal Procedure (Código de Procedimientos Penales) grants to the latter, and to exercise the civil compensatory action (acción civil resarcitoria).(* See Note at the end of the subsection) With authorization from the Attorney General of the Republic or the Deputy Attorney General, it may coordinate actions with public and private institutions, especially with municipalities, community development associations, and non-governmental environmental organizations, in order to launch projects and programs of legal information on the protection of the environment, the maritime-terrestrial zone, the exclusive economic zone, and the continental shelf to protect natural resources, through preventive activities that involve the country's communities. (Thus amended by Article 1 of Law No. 7455 of November 29, 1994) (*) (NOTE: the final paragraph of Article 58 of the Forest Law No. 7575 of February 13, 1996, grants the action of representation to the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, so that it may bring the civil compensatory action for the ecological damage caused to the natural heritage of the State. For these purposes, the officials of the State Forest Administration (Administración Forestal del Estado) may act as expert evaluators). In the present case, we are faced with a claim where – among others – the damage suffered to the soil is claimed, and this constitutes a potential violation of environmental laws, and related to Article 22, subsection ch) of the Law of Agrarian Jurisdiction, the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic must be notified for the exercise of the stated powers.

V.Consequently, and based on Articles 1, 2, 22, and 40 of the Law of Agrarian Jurisdiction, Article 3, subsection i) of the Organic Law of the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, Article 46 of the Forest Law, ex officio, the following must be declared as interested third parties in this proceeding: the State, represented by Farid Beirute Brenes, in his capacity as Deputy Attorney General of the Republic, and the National Forest Financing Fund (Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal), represented by [Nombre1], President of the Board of Directors, who are granted a period of eight days to plead what is appropriate and offer the respective evidence.

"I. Mr. Omar Brenes Arroyo, in his capacity as special judicial attorney-in-fact for the defendant entity, at folio 374, raises the objection called 'perpetua de litisconsorcio necesaria' (perpetual compulsory joinder). He bases his request on the fact that he considers the Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal was not timely called into the proceeding, because the plaintiffs, according to the evidence visible at folios 6 to 17, submitted the eleven lease contracts to the voluntary forestry regime in order to carry out a reforestation plan. The lessees entered into a group contract with the Cooperativa Agropecuaria e Industrial de la Península de Nicoya R.L., reforestation project number 007, in this regard he provides at folios 421 to 893 copies of file 211 TE 05 which is held by the Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal. He therefore considers that this public entity, the State through the Ministerio del Ambiente, and the Cooperativa Copepenin R.L., should be joined to the proceeding as co-parties (litis consortes), because the plaintiffs are seeking compensation for the damages suffered by the plantations subject to the aforementioned forestry contracts. Those entities have contributed large sums of money to the plaintiffs' projects, according to the movant, and they have failed to disclose this in this proceeding. He believes they could be engaging in the hypothesis of Article 100 of the Código Procesal Civil, of 'procedural fraud' (sic). Regarding the admissibility of this objection, he analyzes judgments of this Court and of the First Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice, by which he concludes that, in this case, the lawsuit should have been properly integrated given the omission of the lower court, at the request of the plaintiff. He finally requests that, since the proper procedural moment to integrate it has passed, a dismissive or inhibitory judgment be issued, ordering the plaintiffs to pay both cost awards.

II.The objection raised, as the banking entity itself states, is inadmissible; since, even in the event that the joinder of the lawsuit were at issue, and this is a procedural prerequisite for the admissibility of the action, it is appropriate to analyze ex officio whether those entities should be summoned as third parties in accordance with Article 40 of the Ley de Jurisdicción Agraria. In the case at hand, the plaintiffs are claiming from the banking entity payment of the damages suffered to their plantations as a result of a fire that, as recounted in the facts of the complaint (folio 56 to 70), started on the portion owned by the defendant. In essence, they request compensation for the economic cost of the technical management of the plantation, the average loss of 15% of the trunk of each burned tree when it reaches adult age, the mortality of the plants after the fire, the replanting of the trees killed by the fire, the delay time or lost profits that the plantation experienced, payment to the corporate plaintiff of the cost of repair, removal of debris, burned posts, trees fallen on fences due to the fire, calcined barbed wire, the reconstruction of 4 kilometers of boundary and adjacent fences, the damage suffered by the primary forest that burned, the damage caused to the soil as a result of the fire, in addition to interest and costs of this action.

III. From the study of the plaintiffs' claims, three orientations in their claim emerge

1. Compensation for the damages suffered by the lessees, due to the loss or deterioration of the plantations.

2. The damages suffered by the lessor and owner of the property.

3. The damage to the soil, that is, to the environment, due to the effect of the fire.

Regarding the first group, these indeed have the contracts submitted to the private forestry regime, and they have received payment for environmental services (Pago de Servicios Ambientales, PSA) according to the Forest Law 7575. It is precisely through the Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal that they have obtained economic benefits (Article 46 of the referenced Law). The payment for environmental services (PSA) is the product of the State's efforts aimed at seeking the conservation and sustainable use of tropical forests. It is a financial system intended to compensate the owners (in this case) of forest plantations for the environmental benefits they provide to the country, since they positively affect the environment. In this case, the economic benefit for the lessees is for the purpose of establishing a forest plantation (see documents at folios 18 to 23 relating to the program of Coopepenin R.L.). This cooperative, in turn, organizes a group of lessees or property owners to submit to a reforestation project. This entity would be responsible for coordinating and supervising the project, which would be executed individually, among others by the plaintiff-lessees (contract at folio 422). During the execution of the contract, annual installment payments are agreed upon for the environmental service they provide. Furthermore, the contract establishes a series of obligations for both the producers and the organization. This type of contract is voluntary, but in accordance with Article 58 of the Reglamento a la Ley Forestal, during its execution, the real property remains subject to encumbrances due to the environmental services regime (régimen de los servicios ambientales). This is for the purpose of safeguarding the actions of FONAFIFO, which is the entity with instrumental legal personality to which the State delegated the execution of the PSA payments (Article 46 of the Ley Forestal). For this reason, in all those judicial proceedings in which those environmental commitments could be affected, they must be summoned to trial as third parties. In this case, the matter is determining the liability of the banking entity in the loss, by virtue of the damage to the plantation for which they have received funds from FONOFIFO. The modality used in this matter involves the delivery of cash, and according to Articles 46 and 69 of the Ley Forestal, a reforestation process is being financed through credits.

IV.Regarding the claims relating to damage to the soil, this refers to the eventual damage caused to biodiversity, since that fire could have affected the variability of living organisms from terrestrial sources, as well as the impact on the soil's capacity for production. The contract for environmental services (PSA) is a mechanism for the protection of biodiversity, and particularly of forest ecosystems, since these provide great benefits to the country. In accordance with Article 3, subparagraph i) of the Ley Orgánica de la Procuraduría General de la República, ARTICLE 3.- ATTRIBUTIONS: … The attributions of the Procuraduría General de la República are: … (i) To act in defense of the national patrimony, of the resources existing in the maritime-terrestrial zone, the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone, and the continental shelf. To take appropriate legal actions to safeguard the environment, in order to guarantee the constitutional right of every person to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. To ensure the correct application of international conventions, treaties, laws, regulations, and other provisions on these matters. To investigate, ex officio or at the request of a party, any action or omission that infringes the indicated regulations. To be considered a party, from the beginning of the proceeding, in criminal proceedings in which the commission of an infraction or the violation of environmental legislation and the Ley sobre la Zona Marítimo-Terrestre is alleged. To do so, it may bring the criminal action ex officio, without being subordinate to the actions and decisions of the Public Ministry; file the same appeals that the Código de Procedimientos Penales grants to the latter; and bring the civil action for damages. (*See Note at the end of the subparagraph) With the authorization of the Procurador General de la República or the Procurador General Adjunto, it may coordinate actions with public and private institutions, especially with municipalities, community development associations, and non-governmental environmental organizations, in order to implement projects and programs of legal information on the protection of the environment, the maritime-terrestrial zone, the exclusive economic zone, and the continental shelf to protect natural resources, through preventive activities that involve the country's communities. (As amended by Article 1 of Law No. 7455 of November 29, 1994) (*) (NOTE: the final paragraph of Article 58 of the Ley Forestal No. 7575 of February 13, 1996 grants the right of action of representation to the Procuraduría General de la República, so that it may bring the civil action for damages for ecological harm caused to the natural patrimony of the State. For these purposes, the officials of the State Forestry Administration may act as expert evaluators). In this case, we are faced with a claim where —among others— the damage suffered to the soil is claimed, and this constitutes an eventual violation of environmental laws, and related to Article 22, subparagraph ch) of the Ley de Jurisdicción Agraria, notice must be given to the Procuraduría General de la República for the exercise of the enumerated attributions.

V.Consequently, and based on Articles 1, 2, 22, and 40 of the Ley de Jurisdicción Agraria, Article 3, subparagraph i) of the Ley Orgánica de la Procuraduría General de la República, and Article 46 of the Ley Forestal, ex officio, the following are to be declared interested third parties in this proceeding: the State, represented by Farid Beirute Brenes, in his capacity as Procurador General Adjunto de la República, and the Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal, represented by [Nombre1], President of the Board of Directors, to whom a period of eight days is granted to argue what is appropriate and offer the respective evidence."

"I. El licenciado Omar Brenes Arroyo, en la condición de apoderado especial judicial de la entidad demandada, a folio 374, interpone la excepción denominada “perpetua de litisconsorcio necesaria”. Fundamenta su pedido, pues estima no fue llamado al proceso de forma oportuna el Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal, porque los actores de acuerdo a la prueba visible a folios 6 a 17, sometieron los once contratos de arrendamientos al régimen forestal voluntario para ejecutar un plan de reforestación. Los arrendatarios suscribieron un contrato grupal con la Cooperativa Agropecuaria e Industrial de la Península de Nicoya R.L, proyecto de reforestación número 007, al respecto aporta a folios 421 a 893 copias del expediente 211 TE 05 el cual se encuentra en el Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal, estima, en consecuencia ese ente público, el Estado por medio del Ministerio del Ambiente, y a la Cooperativa Copepenin R.L., deberán ser integrados al proceso como litis consortes, porque los actores pretenden una indemnización por los daños sometidos a las plantaciones sometidas a los contratos forestales aludidos. Esos entes han aportado grandes sumas de dinero a los proyectos de los actores, según dice el gestionante, y ellos han omitido manifestarlo en este proceso. Estima podrían incurrir en la hipótesis del artículo 100 del Código Procesal Civil, de “la estafa procesal” (sic). Sobre la procedibilidad de esta excepción, analiza sentencias de este Tribunal y de la Sala Primera de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, por medio de las cuales concluye, en la especie se debió integrar la litis de forma correcta ante la omisión del juzgado de instancia, a pedido de la parte actora. Finaliza requiriendo, por haber transcurrido el momento procesal oportuno para integrarla, se dicte una sentencia desestimatoria o inhibitoria condenando a los actores al pago de ambas costas. II. La excepción interpuesta, tal y como lo expresa la propia entidad bancaria, es improcedentes; pues, aun en el evento de tratarse de la integración de la litis, y éste es un presupuesto de procedibilidad de la acción, los conveniente es analizar de oficio si deberá llamarse a esas entidades como tercero de conformidad con el ordinal 40 de la Ley de Jurisdicción Agraria. En el subjúdice los actores reclaman a la entidad bancaria, el pago de los daños y perjuicios sufridos en sus plantaciones, en virtud de un incendio que según se relata en los hechos de la demanda (folio 56 a 70), se inició en la porción propiedad de la demandada. En lo medular piden el resarcimiento del costo económico por el manejo técnico de la plantación, la pérdida en promedio de un 15% del tronco de cada árbol quemado cuando llegue a su edad adulta; la mortalidad de las plantas luego del incendio; la resiembra de los árboles muertos por el fuego; el tiempo del atraso o lucro cesante que experimentó la plantación; pagar a la sociedad actora el costo de reparación, eliminación de escombros, postes quemados, árboles caídos sobre cercas por el fuego; alambres de púas calcinados; la reconstrucción de 4 kilómetros de cercas limítrofes y colindantes; el daño sufrido por el bosque primario que se quemó; el daño producido al suelo a raíz del incendio, además de intereses y costas de esta acción. III. Del estudio de las pretensiones de las actoras se desprenden tres orientaciones en su reclamo: 1. El resarcir los daños y perjuicios de los arrendatarios, por la pérdida o deterioro de las plantaciones. 2. Los daños y perjuicios de la arrendante y propietaria del fundo. 3. Los daños al suelo, o sea al ambiente por el efecto del incendio. Sobre el primer grupo, efectivamente éstos tienen los contratos sometidos al régimen privado forestal, y han contado con el pago de los servicios ambientales al tenor de la Ley Forestal 7575. Es precisamente por el Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento forestal que han obtenido beneficios económicos (artículo 46 de la referida Ley). El pago de servicios ambientales resulta ser el producto de los intentos del Estado tendientes a procurar la conservación y uso sostenibles de los bosques tropicales. Es un sistema de orden financiero, el cual pretende retribuir a los dueños (en este caso) de las plantaciones forestales los beneficios ambientales que éstos proporcionan al país, pues afectan positivamente al ambiente. En este caso, el beneficio económico para los arrendatarios es con la finalidad del establecimiento de una plantación forestal (ver documentos folios 18 a 23 relativos al programa de Coopepenin R.L.). Esta cooperativa a su vez, organiza a un grupo de arrendatarios o propietarios de fundos, para someterse a un proyecto de reforestación. Este ente se encargaría de coordinar y supervisar el proyecto el cual sería ejecutado de forma individual, entre ellos por los actores- arrendatarios (contrato a folio 422). Dentro de la ejecución del contrato se pacta el pago a tractos anuales por el servicio ambiental que brindan. Además el contrato establece una serie de obligaciones tanto para los productores como para la organización. Este tipo de contrato es voluntario, pero de conformidad al artículo 58 del Reglamento a la Ley Forestal durante la ejecución de éste la propiedad inmueble queda sujeta a afectaciones en razón del régimen de los servicios ambientales. Esto es con la finalidad de salvaguardar la actuación del FONAFIFO que es el ente con personalidad jurídica instrumental a quien el Estado le delegó la ejecución del pago de los servicios ambientales, (artículo 46 de la Ley Forestal). Por tal razón todos aquellos procesos judiciales en los cuales se puedan ver afectados esos compromisos ambientales, deberán ser llamados a juicio en calidad de terceros. En este caso, se trata de determinar la responsabilidad de la entidad bancaria en el siniestro, en virtud del daño a la plantación, sobre la cual éstos han recibido fondos de la FONOFIFO. La modalidad utilizada en este asunto es con la entrega de dinero en efectivo y al tenor del artículo 46 y 69 de la Ley Forestal, pues se está financiando mediante créditos un proceso de reforestación. IV. Respecto a los pretensiones relativas al daño al suelo, ello se refiere al eventual daño causado a la biodiversidad, pues ese incendió pudo haber afectado la variabilidad de organismos vivos de fuente terrestres, así como la incidencia en la capacidad del suelo para la producción. El contrato de servicios ambientales, resulta un mecanismo para la protección de la biodiversidad, y en particular de los ecosistemas boscosos, pues estos dan grandes beneficios al país. De conformidad con el artículo 3 inciso i) de la Ley Orgánica de la Procuraduría General de la República ARTICULO 3º.- ATRIBUCIONES: … Son atribuciones de la Procuraduría General de la República: ) Actuar en defensa del patrimonio nacional, de los recursos existentes en la zona marítimo-terrestre, el mar territorial, la zona económica exclusiva y la plataforma continental. Tomar las acciones legales procedentes en salvaguarda del medio, con el fin de garantizar el derecho constitucional de toda persona a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. Velar por la aplicación correcta de convenios, tratados internacionales, leyes, reglamentos y otras disposiciones sobre esas materias. Investigar, de oficio o a petición de parte, toda acción u omisión que infrinja la normativa indicada. Ser tenida como parte, desde el inicio del procedimiento, en los procesos penales en que se impute la comisión de una infracción o la violación de la legislación ambiental y de la Ley sobre la Zona Marítimo-Terrestre. Para ello, podrá ejercitar la acción penal, de oficio, sin estar subordinada a las actuaciones y las decisiones del Ministerio Público; interponer los mismos recursos que el Código de Procedimientos Penales concede a aquel y ejercer la acción civil resarcitoria.(* Ver Nota al final del inciso) Con autorización del Procurador General de la República o del Procurador General Adjunto, podrá coordinar acciones con instituciones públicas y privadas, especialmente con municipalidades, asociaciones de desarrollo comunal y organismos ambientales de carácter no gubernamental, a fin de poner en marcha proyectos y programas de información jurídica sobre la protección del ambiente, la zona marítimo-terrestre, la zona económica exclusiva y la plataforma continental para tutelar los recursos naturales, mediante actividades preventivas que involucren a las comunidades del país. (Así reformado por el artículo 1º de la ley Nº 7455 de 29 de noviembre de 1994) (*) (NOTA: el párrafo final del artículo 58 de la Ley Forestal Nº 7575 de 13 de febrero de 1996 otorga la acción de representación a la Procuraduría General de la República, para que establezca la acción civil resarcitoria sobre el daño ecológico ocasionado al patrimonio natural del Estado. Para estos efectos, los funcionarios de la Administración Forestal del Estado podrán actuar como peritos evaluadores)”. En la especie estamos frente una pretensión donde – entre otros- se reclama el daño sufrido al suelo, y ello resulta una eventual violación a las leyes ambientales, y relacionado con el ordinal 22 inciso ch) de la Ley de Jurisdicción Agraria, deberá notificarse a la Procuraduría General de la República, para el ejercicio de las atribuciones enunciadas. V. En consecuencia y con base en los numerales 1, 2, 22 y 40 Ley de Jurisdicción Agraria, 3 inciso i) de la Ley Orgánica de la Procuraduría General de la República, 46 de la Ley Forestal, de oficio, se ha de declarar como terceros interesados en este proceso al Estado representado por Farid Beirute Brenes, en la condición de Procurador General Adjunto de la República, y al Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal, representado por [Nombre1] , Presidente de la Junta Directiva, a quienes se concede el plazo de ocho días para alegar lo que corresponda y ofrecer la prueba respectiva."