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Res. 00016-2017 Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo Sección V · Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo Sección V · 27/02/2017
OutcomeResultado
The lack-of-right exception is rejected and the lawsuit is partially granted, ordering a conforming interpretation of Article 44 of the Regulation to Law 6043 that makes fee collection conditional on ICT approval, and annulling the municipality's prior collection requests.Se rechaza la excepción de falta de derecho y se declara parcialmente con lugar la demanda, disponiendo una interpretación conforme del artículo 44 del Reglamento a la Ley 6043 que condiciona el cobro del canon a la aprobación del ICT, y anulando los requerimientos de cobro previos del municipio.
SummaryResumen
The case addresses the legality of collecting a concession fee in the maritime-terrestrial zone when the concession has not been approved by the Costa Rican Tourism Board (ICT). The plaintiff argued that, since the concession required ICT approval under Articles 42 of Law 6043 and 145 of the General Public Administration Act, collection was improper until such approval was granted. The Municipality of Parrita relied on Article 44 of the Regulation to demand payment from the contract signing. The Court, instead of striking down the rule, applied a conforming interpretation: it declared that Article 44 of the Regulation is not illegal as long as it is interpreted in harmony with Articles 42 of Law 6043 and 145 of the LGAP. This means the fee can only be collected once the ICT approves the concession and notifies the interested party, except in cases where no approval is required. Additionally, the Court annulled the specific collection actions against the plaintiff and ordered the municipality not to collect until ICT approval is obtained, provided the underlying defects are corrected.El caso trata sobre la legalidad del cobro del canon de una concesión en zona marítimo terrestre que no fue aprobada por el Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT). El actor argumentó que, al requerir la concesión aprobación del ICT según los artículos 42 de la Ley 6043 y 145 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, el cobro era improcedente hasta que dicha aprobación se diera. La Municipalidad de Parrita se basó en el artículo 44 del Reglamento para exigir el pago desde la firma del contrato. El Tribunal, en lugar de anular la norma, realizó una interpretación conforme: declaró que el artículo 44 del Reglamento no es ilegal siempre que se interprete en armonía con los artículos 42 de la Ley 6043 y 145 de la LGAP. Esto implica que el canon solo puede cobrarse una vez que el ICT apruebe la concesión y se comunique al interesado, excepto en casos donde no se requiera aprobación. Adicionalmente, el Tribunal anuló los cobros específicos realizados al actor y ordenó no cobrar hasta que el ICT apruebe la concesión, previa subsanación de defectos.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Consequently, it is contrary to the principles of hierarchy of sources and legality, that in Article 44 of the Regulation to Law 6043, it is established –with the exception of concessions in areas of the maritime-terrestrial zone that are not of tourist aptitude, nor constitute islands or islets, as a consequence of the legal reform in force since November 30, 2012– that the fee must be collected immediately after the Municipal Council agrees to grant the concession and the respective contract is signed between the municipal entity and the concessionaire, because such acts are not effective until the Costa Rican Tourism Board or the Legislative Assembly approves the granted concession and the corresponding notification is made to the interested party (Article 140 of the General Public Administration Act)... However, given that Article 42 of Law 6043 was partially amended in the aforementioned terms, this Court considers that Article 44 of the Regulation to Law 6043 is not illegal, as long as it is interpreted in accordance with the provisions of Articles 42 of Law 6043 and 145 of the General Public Administration Act, which implies that the fee may be collected by the municipal entity once the concession is approved by the competent body or entity, and notice is given to the interested party under the terms of Article 140 of the General Public Administration Act.En consecuencia, resulta contrario a los principios de jerarquía de las fuentes y de legalidad, que en el numeral 44 del Reglamento a la Ley 6043, se establezca –con excepción del supuesto de concesiones dadas en áreas de la zona marítimo terrestre que no sean de aptitud turística, ni que constituyan islas o islotes, a consecuencia de la reforma legal vigente desde el 30 de noviembre del 2012- que el cobro del canon se realice inmediatamente después de que el Concejo Municipal acuerde otorgar la concesión y de que se firme el contrato respectivo entre el ente municipal y el concesionario, ello por cuanto, dichos actos no son eficaces hasta tanto el Instituto Costarricense de Turismo o la Asamblea Legislativa aprueben la concesión otorgada y se comunique lo correspondiente al interesado (artículo 140 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública)... Ahora bien, dado que de manera sobrevenida se modificó de manera parcial el artículo 42 de la Ley de la 6043 en los términos antes indicados, considera este Tribunal que no resulta ilegal el artículo 44 del Reglamento a la Ley 6043, en el tanto se interprete conforme a lo dispuesto en los numerales 42 de la Ley 6043 y 145 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, lo cual implica, que el canon podrá ser cobrado por el ente municipal a partir de que se apruebe la concesión por el órgano o el ente competente, y se comunique al interesado en los términos del artículo 140 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"… el canon podrá ser cobrado por el ente municipal a partir de que se apruebe la concesión por el órgano o el ente competente, y se comunique al interesado en los términos del artículo 140 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública."
"… the fee may be collected by the municipal entity once the concession is approved by the competent body or entity, and notice is given to the interested party under the terms of Article 140 of the General Public Administration Act."
Considerando III
"… el canon podrá ser cobrado por el ente municipal a partir de que se apruebe la concesión por el órgano o el ente competente, y se comunique al interesado en los términos del artículo 140 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública."
Considerando III
"… aplicar esa disposición reglamentaria al caso concreto, de manera literal aislada y discordante con los artículos 42 de la Ley 6043 y 145 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, implica una violación manifiesta a los principios de legalidad y de jerarquía de las fuentes…"
"… applying that regulatory provision to the specific case, in a literal, isolated and discordant manner with Articles 42 of Law 6043 and 145 of the General Public Administration Act, implies a manifest violation of the principles of legality and hierarchy of sources…"
Considerando IV
"… aplicar esa disposición reglamentaria al caso concreto, de manera literal aislada y discordante con los artículos 42 de la Ley 6043 y 145 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, implica una violación manifiesta a los principios de legalidad y de jerarquía de las fuentes…"
Considerando IV
"… la Municipalidad también ha incurrido en una violación a lo dispuesto en el numeral 10 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, toda vez que se limitó a aplicar de manera literal, aislada e ilegal lo dispuesto en el artículo 44 del Reglamento a la Ley 6043 en perjuicio del accionante…"
"… the Municipality has also incurred a violation of the provisions of Article 10 of the General Public Administration Act, since it limited itself to literally, isolatedly and illegally applying the provisions of Article 44 of the Regulation to Law 6043 to the detriment of the plaintiff…"
Considerando IV
"… la Municipalidad también ha incurrido en una violación a lo dispuesto en el numeral 10 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, toda vez que se limitó a aplicar de manera literal, aislada e ilegal lo dispuesto en el artículo 44 del Reglamento a la Ley 6043 en perjuicio del accionante…"
Considerando IV
Full documentDocumento completo
IIo.— SUBJECT OF THE PROCEEDINGS. The PLAINTIFF (parte actora) contends:
For its part, the representative of the MUNICIPALIDAD DE PARRITA states that: a) It alleges that Article 44 of the Reglamento a la Ley 6043 does not indicate that the Municipality must await approval or endorsement by the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo before proceeding to collect the corresponding concession fee; on the contrary, it expressly provides that "once the concession has been approved by the Concejo [Municipal]," the interested party must deposit the amount corresponding to the first annual installment of the concession fee. b) It maintains that, pursuant to the principle of legality, the Municipality could not arrogate to itself powers that do not belong to it by suspending or annulling the collection of the concession fee that the Law authorizes once a Contract is in force, since such conduct would contravene the provisions of Article 44 of the Reglamento a la Ley 6043. c) Accordingly, it states its opposition to the claim filed, which alleges the impropriety of the collection of the CONCESSION FEE for a plot situated in Playa Esterillas, Distrito Único, Cantón Parrita, Provincia de Puntarenas, with an area of 1,089.47 m², as shown in cadastral plan (plano catastrado) P-438163-81, for Recreational Residential use, authorized pursuant to Municipal Resolution (Acuerdo municipal) No. 05, Article Third, Item No. 02, Matter No. 03, of Ordinary Session No. 2157-2008, held on August twenty-fifth, 2008, since, in its view, the provisions of Ley 6043 and its regulations have been duly observed.
Finally, the representative of the STATE states that: i) The claim filed seeks a declaration of illegality of Article 44 of the Reglamento a la Ley de Zona Marítimo Terrestre because, in the plaintiff's view, it is contrary to the provisions of Articles 42 of the Ley de Zona Marítimo Terrestre and 145.4 of the Ley General de la Administración Pública; however, in the section of the claim denominated "Law," it is clearly stated that what is alleged to be contrary to law is the interpretation that the Municipalidad de Parrita has made of that article, which the plaintiff considers to be erroneous, literal, and isolated from the rest of the legal framework. ii) It maintains that Article 145, paragraph 4, of the Ley General de la Administración Pública establishes that when an act requires approval by another body, the legal effectiveness (eficacia) of that act is contingent upon such approval, so that, in accordance with the provisions of Article 42 of Ley 6043, the concession in question would produce legal effects only once it has been approved by the ICT—and not from the moment it is registered, as the plaintiff contends. iii) It considers that, with respect to the moment from which the concession fee must be collected in Maritime-Terrestrial Zone (Zona Marítimo Terrestre) concessions and the correct interpretation to be given to Article 44 of the Reglamento a la Ley N° 6043, the Procuraduría General de la República has issued a series of opinions dating back to 2000, establishing a consistent line of criteria on the matter.
In this regard, it notes that dictamen C-279-2015 was recently issued, in which the relevant administrative and judicial case law, as well as the applicable regulations, are analyzed. iv) Accordingly, it considers that the State has maintained that the provision whose legality is being questioned must be interpreted harmoniously with the rest of the legal framework, in light of the provisions of Articles 142 of Ley N° 6043 and 145.4 of the Ley General de la Administración Pública, so that, under the correct interpretation, the provision is not unlawful but rather in conformity with law, and therefore the claim filed against the State is without merit.
IIIo.— ON THE CONFORMING INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE 44 OF THE REGLAMENTO A LA LEY DE LA ZONA MARÍTIMO TERRESTRE. At the outset, it must be noted that Article 42 of Ley 6043 provides—insofar as relevant—that concessions in tourist areas require approval by the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo, and that if the concession concerns a maritime island or islet, or part thereof, approval by the Asamblea Legislativa is also required. It is important to emphasize that this provision was partially repealed, exclusively with respect to the role previously assigned to the Instituto de Tierras o Colonización (subsequently renamed the Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario) of approving concessions granted in the remaining areas of the Maritime-Terrestrial Zone, since Article 82 of Ley 9036 (in force since November 30, 2012) provided:
"The obligations set forth in Ley Nº 6043, Ley sobre la Zona Marítimo Terrestre, of March 2, 1977, with respect to the Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario, are hereby repealed" (emphasis not in the original).
At this point, it is worth recalling that, pursuant to Article 145 of the Ley General de la Administración Pública, the effects of administrative acts may be subject to conditions of legal effectiveness, established either by the act itself or by the legal framework, and that such conditions shall produce a retroactive effect to the date of the administrative act, unless expressly provided otherwise. Furthermore, where a formal administrative act requires the approval of another entity or body, until such approval has been given, the act shall not be legally effective, nor may it be communicated, challenged, or executed (Articles 140 and 141 of the Ley General de la Administración Pública).
Consequently, it is contrary to the principles of hierarchy of legal sources (jerarquía de las fuentes) and legality that Article 44 of the Reglamento a la Ley 6043 should provide—with the exception of concessions granted in areas of the Maritime-Terrestrial Zone that are neither designated as tourist-use areas nor constitute islands or islets, as a result of the legal reform in force since November 30, 2012—that the collection of the concession fee shall take place immediately after the Municipal Council (Concejo Municipal) resolves to grant the concession and after the respective contract is signed between the municipal entity and the concessionaire, since those acts do not become legally effective until the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo or the Asamblea Legislativa approves the granted concession and the corresponding notice is communicated to the interested party (Article 140 of the Ley General de la Administración Pública).
Likewise, the notarial authentication (protocolización) of the instruments containing the municipal resolution (acuerdo municipal) granting the concession, the act of approval (where required), and the verbatim transcription of the contract (Article 84 of the Reglamento a la Ley 6043), must be registered in the General Concessions Registry of the Maritime-Terrestrial Zone—regardless of whether they are subject to approval or not—since, pursuant to the final paragraph of Article 30 of Ley 6043, "…Those titles shall not be enforceable against third parties except from the date of their receipt or filing at said Registry…".
Now, given that Article 42 of Ley 6043 was subsequently and partially amended in the terms described above, this Tribunal considers that Article 44 of the Reglamento a la Ley 6043 is not unlawful, provided it is interpreted in conformity with the provisions of Articles 42 of Ley 6043 and 145 of the Ley General de la Administración Pública, which means that the concession fee may be collected by the municipal entity from the time the concession is approved by the competent body or entity and notice is given to the interested party in the terms of Article 140 of the Ley General de la Administración Pública.
In cases where no approval is required (concessions in areas not declared as tourist zones, or involving islands or islets), the concession fee shall become legally effective and may accordingly be collected once the Municipal Council resolves to grant the concession and the contract between the Mayor (Alcalde) and the concessionaire is executed, on the basis of the partial amendment to Article 42 of Ley 6043 set out in Article 82 of Ley 9036, in force since November 30, 2012. This is without prejudice to the fact that registration in the National Concessions Registry of the Maritime-Terrestrial Zone—regardless of whether the concession is subject to approval or not—has effect solely with respect to third parties (Article 30, final paragraph of Ley 6043).
Once this judgment (sentencia) becomes final, it shall be published in full in the official gazette La Gaceta, at the expense of the State, since it was the Executive Branch (Poder Ejecutivo) that issued the regulatory provision whose conforming interpretation is ordered in this judgment (Article 130, paragraph 3, of the Code of Administrative Litigation Procedure (Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo)).
IV.REGARDING THE ABSOLUTE NULLITY OF THE PAYMENT DEMANDS (requerimientos de cobro) ISSUED BY THE DEFENDANT MUNICIPALITY REQUIRING THE PLAINTIFF TO PAY THE CONCESSION FEE (canon) FOR AN UNAPPROVED CONCESSION (concesión). As analyzed in the preceding recital, this Tribunal finds that, while it is true that Article 44 of the Regulations to Ley 6043 establishes that "…Once the concession has been approved by the Municipal Council (Concejo Municipal), the interested party shall be notified and given a period of 30 working days to sign the contract and deposit the amount corresponding to the first annual installment of the concession fee in favor of the respective municipality…" (emphasis not in the original); it is equally true that, contrary to what the representative of the defendant Municipality asserts, applying that regulatory provision to the specific case in a literal, isolated, and inconsistent manner—at odds with Articles 42 of Ley 6043 and 145 of the General Law on Public Administration (Ley General de la Administración Pública)—constitutes a manifest violation of the principles of legality and hierarchy of sources of the legal order (Articles 6 and 11 of the General Law on Public Administration).
This Tribunal considers that circumstance to be paradoxical in light of the following formal acts emanating from the municipal entity itself, namely: A) Both in the original concession contract (fifteenth clause) and in the addendum thereto (sixth clause), signed by the Municipal Mayor (Alcalde Municipal) of Parrita and the plaintiff, it is established that: i) Fifteenth Clause: "…This concession shall be valid and shall produce all its legal effects from the date of its registration in the General Registry of Concessions…" (folios 40 to 36 of the administrative case file (expediente administrativo); emphasis not in the original). This is noted without prejudice to the fact that registration in the National Concessions Registry (Registro Nacional de Concesiones) is for the purposes of third parties and not as stated therein; ii) Sixth Clause: "…The term of this concession is TWENTY years counted from the date of approval by the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo…" (folios 108 to 101 of the administrative case file; emphasis not in the original).
Finally, this Tribunal finds that the Municipality has also committed a violation of Article 10 of the General Law on Public Administration, in that it limited itself to applying, in a literal, isolated, and unlawful manner, the provisions of Article 44 of the Regulations to Ley 6043 to the detriment of the plaintiff, despite having the duty to interpret that provision in the manner that best ensured the achievement of the public purpose it serves, within due respect for the rights and interests of the private party, taking into account other related norms and the nature and value of the conduct and the facts to which it refers. That unlawful omission has not only prompted the filing of this proceeding on the merits, but has also required this Tribunal to interpret Article 44 of the Regulations to Ley 6043 in the terms set forth in Considerando III of this judgment, in order to avoid declaring the partial nullity of that regulatory provision.
Accordingly, and for all of the foregoing reasons, this Tribunal declares the absolute nullity (nulidad absoluta) of the payment demand issued on November 26, 2013, by the Revenue and Collections Department of the Municipality of Parrita, and, by virtue of its connection thereto, of the official communication dated September 18, 2015, from the Lease Section of the Maritime Terrestrial Zone Department of the Municipality of Parrita, and of agreement number 02, third article, matter No. 1 of regular session 005-2014 of January 27, 2014, adopted by the Municipal Council of Parrita. This means that the Municipality of Parrita may charge the plaintiff the concession fee only once the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo approves the concession, provided that the substantive deficiencies that led to its non-approval are remedied, namely: the alleged partial location of the parcel on lands constituting State Natural Heritage (Patrimonio Natural del Estado); the indeterminate exact location of the parcel subject to the concession because the boundary markers (mojones) do not coincide; and the alleged encroachment of a fence on a portion of the public area (folios 148 to 127, 155 to 153 of the administrative case file).
This Tribunal concludes that the plaintiff has sufficient standing to sue (legitimación activa) to participate in these proceedings pursuant to Article 10(a) of the Code of Administrative Litigation Procedure (Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo), given that the Municipality of Parrita intends to charge him the concession fee for the period from 2009 to 2016, based on a literal, isolated, and unlawful application of Article 44 of the Regulations to Ley 6043, despite the fact that the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo did not approve the concession granted to him by the Municipal Council of Parrita. Furthermore, the action is properly directed against the State and the Municipality of Parrita, as provided by Article 12(1) of the said Code, since they are the authors of the conduct at issue in these proceedings—specifically, the enactment of the Regulations to Ley 6043 (State) and the issuance of the payment demands against the plaintiff for the concession fee for the period from 2009 to 2016 (Municipality of Parrita).
Moreover, the legal interest remains current, insofar as the challenged conduct continues to have effects within the plaintiff's legal sphere and requires a jurisdictional resolution. Finally, this collegiate body finds that, for all the reasons set forth in Considerandos III and IV of this judgment, the defense of lack of right (excepción de falta de derecho) raised by the representative of the State is rejected, and the lawsuit filed by Jorge Alberto Jiménez Cordero against the Municipality of Parrita and the State is granted on the following terms, with anything not expressly stated being deemed denied:
“IIo.- OBJETO DEL PROCESO. La parte ACTORA sostiene:
IVo.- EN CUANTO A LA NULIDAD ABSOLUTA DE LOS REQUERIMIENTOS DE COBRO REALIZADOS POR LA MUNICIPALIDAD DEMANDADA PARA QUE EL ACTOR PAGUE EL CANON DE UNA CONCESIÓN NO APROBADA. Conforme a lo analizado en el considerando anterior, estima este Tribunal que si bien es cierto, el numeral 44 del Reglamento a la Ley 6043 establece que “…Una vez aprobada la concesión por el Concejo Municipal se le comunicará al interesado, y se le fijará un término de 30 días hábiles para firmar el contrato y depositar el importe correspondiente a la primer anualidad del canon a favor de la municipalidad respectiva…” (el resaltado no es del original); también lo es, que contrario a lo que afirma la representante de la Municipalidad demandada, aplicar esa disposición reglamentaria al caso concreto, de manera literal aislada y discordante con los artículos 42 de la Ley 6043 y 145 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, implica una violación manifiesta a los principios de legalidad y de jerarquía de las fuentes del ordenamiento jurídico (numerales 6 y 11 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública).
Considera este Tribunal que dicha circunstancia, resulta paradójica con el contenido de las siguientes conductas formales emanadas del propio ente municipal, a saber: A) Tanto en el contrato original de concesión (cláusula décima quinta), como en el adendum al mismo (cláusula sexta) suscritos por el Alcalde Municipal de Parrita y el actor, se establece: i) Cláusula Décima Quinta: "...Esta concesión será válida y surtirá todos los efectos a partir de la inscripción de la misma en el Registro General de Concesiones..." (folios 40 a 36 del expediente administrativo; el resaltado no es del original). Claro está, sin perjuicio de que la inscripción en el Registro Nacional de Concesiones, es para efectos de terceros y no como allí se indica; ii) Cláusula sexta: "...El plazo de la presente concesión es de VEINTE años contados a partir de la fecha de aprobación por parte del Instituto Costarricense de Turismo..." (folios 108 a 101 del expediente administrativo; el resaltado no es del original).
Por último, este Tribunal estima que la Municipalidad también ha incurrido en una violación a lo dispuesto en el numeral 10 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, toda vez que se limitó a aplicar de manera literal, aislada e ilegal lo dispuesto en el artículo 44 del Reglamento a la Ley 6043 en perjuicio del accionante, a pesar de que tenía el deber de interpretarla de la forma que mejor garantizara la realización del fin público a que se dirige, dentro del respeto debido a los derechos e intereses del particular, tomando en cuenta para tal efecto, las otras normas conexas y la naturaleza y valor de la conducta y los hechos a que se refiere. Dicha omisión ilegítima no sólo ha provocado la interposición de este proceso de conocimiento, sino además, que este Tribunal deba interpretar el artículo 44 del Reglamento a Ley 6043 en los términos expuestos en el considerando III de esta sentencia, a fin de no declarar la nulidad parcial de esa norma reglamentaria.
En consecuencia y por todo lo emitido el 26 de noviembre del 2013. por el Departamento de Rentas y Cobranzas de la Municipalidad de Parrita, y por conexidad, del oficio del 18 de setiembre del 2015 de la Sección de Arriendo del Departamento de Zona Marítimo Terrestre de la Municipalidad de Parrita, y del acuerdo número 02, artículo tercero, asunto Nº1 de la sesión ordinaria 005-2014 del 27 de enero del 2014, adoptado por el Concejo Municipal de Parrita. Ello implica, que la Municipalidad de Parrita podrá cobrar el canon al demandante, hasta que el Instituto Costarricense de Turismo, apruebe la concesión, siempre y cuando se subsanen los defectos de fondo que motivaron la no aprobación de la misma, a saber: presunta ubicación parcial de la parcela en terrenos de Patrimonio Natural del Estado; indeterminación del sitio exacto en que se ubica la parcela objeto de concesión porque no coinciden los mojones; supuesta invasión de una porción del área pública de una de las cercas (folios 148 a 127, 155 a 153 del expediente administrativo).
Vo.- SOBRE LOS PRESUPUESTOS Y EXCEPCIONES DE FONDO. Este Tribunal llega a la conclusión de que el actor cuenta con suficiente legitimación activa para participar en este proceso conforme al artículo 10 inciso a) del Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo, ya que la Municipalidad de Parrita pretende cobrarle el canon del período comprendido entre el año 2009 al 2016, con base en una aplicación literal, aislada e ilegal del artículo 44 del Reglamento a la Ley 6043, a pesar de que el Instituto Costarricense de Turismo no aprobó la concesión que le fue otorgada por el Concejo Municipal de Parrita. Además, la acción se dirige correctamente contra el Estado y la Municipalidad de Parrita, tal y como lo dispone el inciso
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