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Res. 00114-2015 Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo Sección I · Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo Sección I · 16/11/2015
OutcomeResultado
The Tax Administration's denial of the accelerated depreciation request is upheld, as it is not provided by law and is based on contractual rather than asset conditions.Se confirma la denegatoria de la Administración Tributaria a la solicitud de depreciación acelerada, al no estar prevista en ley y basarse en condiciones contractuales y no en las del bien.
SummaryResumen
The Administrative Contentious Court upholds the Tax Administration's denial of a concessionaire's request to apply an accelerated depreciation method to its assets, aligning their useful life with the term of the concession contract. The company argued that, upon extension of the contract and its obligation to donate assets to the State at the end, the useful life was limited to that term, justifying accelerated depreciation. The Court rejects this: depreciation, under Article 8(f) of the Income Tax Law and its Regulations, relates exclusively to the asset's conditions (wear, deterioration, obsolescence), not to external contractual circumstances. While the Administration may authorize special depreciation methods, these must be based on the asset's characteristics and intensity of use, not contractual conditions. Moreover, the claimed benefit is not established by law, as required by the principle of legality in tax matters. The alleged violation of the equality principle is also dismissed, since other companies' situations are covered by special laws that expressly provide such benefit.El Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo confirma la denegatoria de la Administración Tributaria a la solicitud de una empresa concesionaria de aplicar un método de depreciación acelerada sobre sus activos, haciendo coincidir su vida útil con la vigencia del contrato de concesión. La empresa argumentaba que, al prorrogarse el contrato y estar obligada a donar los activos al Estado al finalizar el plazo, la vida útil de dichos bienes se limitaba a ese término, por lo que debía autorizarse una depreciación acelerada. El Tribunal rechaza el argumento: la depreciación, según los artículos 8 inciso f) de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta y su Reglamento, está referida exclusivamente a las condiciones del bien (desgaste, deterioro, obsolescencia) y no a circunstancias contractuales ajenas. Aunque la normativa permite a la Administración autorizar métodos especiales de depreciación, estos deben basarse en las características e intensidad de uso del bien, no en condiciones contractuales. Además, el pretendido beneficio no está previsto en una norma de rango legal, como exige la reserva de ley en materia tributaria. Se descarta también la violación al principio de igualdad, ya que las situaciones de otras empresas se amparan en leyes especiales que sí contemplan expresamente ese beneficio.
Key excerptExtracto clave
From the reading of the cited legal and regulatory provisions, it is absolutely conclusive that the depreciation of an asset is based on its own conditions, not on the legal transaction in which they are involved. No other conclusion can be reached from the detailed review of the rules: the application of an accelerated depreciation that ultimately becomes a benefit for the company by affecting deductible expenses and having a direct impact on the determination of net income must be established by a legal provision, like all benefits granted in tax matters. [...] depreciation always refers to the conditions of the asset, never to external ones as the plaintiff intends.De la lectura de las normas legales y reglamentarias transcritas, es absolutamente contundente que la depreciación de un activo tiene su fundamento en las condiciones propias del mismo, no del negocio jurídico en los cuales se vean éstos involucrados. No puede allegarse a otra conclusión de la revisión en detalle de la normas, que la aplicación de una depreciación acelerada que finalmente se convierte en un beneficio para la empresa al incidir la misma en los gastos deducibles y una injerencia directa respecto a la determinación de la renta neta, debe estar dispuesta por norma de rango legal, como todos los beneficios que se otorguen en materia Tributaria. [...] la depreciación va referida siempre a las condiciones del bien, nunca a otras ajenas como lo pretende el actor.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"la depreciación de un activo tiene su fundamento en las condiciones propias del mismo, no del negocio jurídico en los cuales se vean éstos involucrados."
"the depreciation of an asset is based on its own conditions, not on the legal transaction in which they are involved."
Fundamentos de derecho
"la depreciación de un activo tiene su fundamento en las condiciones propias del mismo, no del negocio jurídico en los cuales se vean éstos involucrados."
Fundamentos de derecho
"la aplicación de una depreciación acelerada que finalmente se convierte en un beneficio para la empresa... debe estar dispuesta por norma de rango legal, como todos los beneficios que se otorguen en materia Tributaria."
"the application of an accelerated depreciation that ultimately becomes a benefit for the company… must be established by a legal provision, like all benefits granted in tax matters."
Fundamentos de derecho
"la aplicación de una depreciación acelerada que finalmente se convierte en un beneficio para la empresa... debe estar dispuesta por norma de rango legal, como todos los beneficios que se otorguen en materia Tributaria."
Fundamentos de derecho
"la vida útil del bien, se define por su utilización, por las condiciones propias del mismo y la actividad que se realice... la depreciación es inherente al bien, no a condiciones ajenas al mismo."
"the useful life of an asset is defined by its use, its own conditions, and the activity carried out… depreciation is inherent to the asset, not to external conditions."
Fundamentos de derecho
"la vida útil del bien, se define por su utilización, por las condiciones propias del mismo y la actividad que se realice... la depreciación es inherente al bien, no a condiciones ajenas al mismo."
Fundamentos de derecho
Full documentDocumento completo
Regarding the grounds for the administrative act and the applicable regulations. It claims that the applicable regulations for the specific case are subsection f) of article 8 of the Income Tax Law (Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta) in conjunction with article 12, subsection h), of the Regulations of the cited law (Reglamento de la citada ley), as well as the final paragraph of point 2.5 of Annex 2 of the Regulations. It mentions that depreciation depends on the useful life of each asset, which generally depends on the nature of the asset, whether its use is normal or intensive, obsolescence, as well as the legal limitations and restrictions to continue exploiting an asset. It indicates that the regulation provides for a discretionary exercise by the Administration that entails an assessment of the evidence and justifications alleged by the taxpayer, and this administrative discretion must be exercised in accordance with article 16 of the General Public Administration Law (Ley General de la Administración Pública), not arbitrarily.
Therefore, the company formulates its request for depreciation of all its assets limited to the end of the term of its contract by virtue of the contractual obligation it has to donate those assets to the State upon the conclusion of the contract. It accuses the Tax Administration of violating the principle of ability to pay, which is evidenced by having to pay taxes on its capital. It notes that it complies with the obligations to keep its financial accounting records and, in accordance with the International Accounting Standards adopted in Costa Rica since the year 1999, it performs an analysis of IAS 16 (NIC 16), and provides expert documentary evidence and submits the expert's declaration to the proceedings. It attacks the reasoning of the act, specifically what it calls the four reasons on which the Tax Administration bases the rejection of its petition. The plaintiff's claim in the administrative venue, as in this judicial venue, requesting the annulment of the denegatory act, is to be allowed to apply an accelerated depreciation method on its assets, different from those contemplated in the Regulations of the Income Tax Law (Reglamento de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la renta), and its justification has been that said useful life must be adjusted to the contract term of July 15, 2022, since it is from the extension of the contract that the fact arises which obligates the Tax Administration regarding its petition.
Such statements and claims are not shared. As a first element, the plaintiff intends to grant a fiscal effect to the contract extension that it does not have. Of supreme importance is what is provided in article 8, subsection f), which contemplates the conditions of depreciation and is aimed at compensating for the wear, deterioration, or economic, functional, or technological obsolescence of tangible assets owned by the taxpayer that produce taxable income, as well as the depreciation of improvements of a permanent nature. The regulation also presupposes the possibility that the Tax Administration may accept the application of specially, technically acceptable depreciation methods, for cases justified by the taxpayer, as well as authorizing accelerated depreciation methods on new assets acquired for activities that require constant modernization; it is further imposed that the regulations determine the percentages for the depreciation of the asset's useful life, for which the nature of the asset and the economic activity in which it is used are taken into account.
Annex 1 of the regulations, point 2.5, establishes two depreciation methods: straight-line or sum-of-the-years' digits, based on the estimated useful life in years. However, other different depreciation methods may be authorized when it is demonstrated that the prescribed ones are not adequate for the characteristics, intensity of use, or other special conditions of the assets employed in the business or activity. From a reading of the transcribed legal and regulatory norms, it is absolutely conclusive that the depreciation of an asset is based on the asset's own conditions, not on the legal transaction in which they are involved. No other conclusion can be reached from the detailed review of the regulations, other than that the application of accelerated depreciation, which ultimately becomes a benefit for the company by affecting deductible expenses and having a direct influence on the determination of net income, must be provided for by a legal norm, like all benefits granted in tax matters.
From the transcribed text, a common denominator is extracted from all the prerequisites, regardless of whether recognized methods or other different ones authorized by the Tax Administration due to special conditions are applied: depreciation is always referred to the conditions of the asset, never to other extraneous conditions as the plaintiff intends. This Tribunal finds no legal basis that supports the plaintiff's claim, even less so its assertion that the extension of the contract for ten more years implicitly carries the Tax Administration's obligation to recognize a non-existent benefit, a statement which completely lacks factual basis, as mentioned in the challenged administrative act 711-2013, that such a benefit is not set forth in the contract, which does not mean that if it were, it should be recognized; however, having included no contractual clause regarding the matter, it demolishes the factual conclusion presented by the plaintiff (folio 190): "and this right to depreciate its assets in that way arose from the moment the Contracting Administration decided to extend the Contract term for an additional ten years.
With this decision, the condition precedent that the Contract contained regarding the contractor company's obligation to donate all its assets in favor of the State at the end of the term was lifted." Furthermore, as the Tax Administration rightly states, it would be to accommodate a fiction by seeking the authorization of a different method of depreciation for the assets, not due to their nature, use, and conditions, but for reasons extraneous to these, such as the contractual provisions alleged here. This Panel of Judges is struck by the plaintiff company's position, seemingly presenting that transferring its assets to the State at the end of the contract places it at a disadvantage, which has no basis whatsoever; from the beginning in the year 2001, it knew the conditions of the Contract and the effects of its eventual extension, demonstrated by the fact that this was not a condition it was unaware of or that created a disadvantage.
From the evidence provided in the case file, it is clear that the contract extension was initially rejected, and upon acknowledgment of the appeal filed by the plaintiff itself, the extension was granted; and moreover, such a position is disproved by the Report prepared by the Infrastructure Services Audit Area of the Comptroller General of the Republic (Área de Fiscalización de Servicio de Infraestructura de la Contraloría General de la República), which, when assessing a request for a tariff increase by Nombre722, determines that from 2001 to 2011, substantial economic rents were generated for Nombre722, concluding that its owners have recovered 7.16 times the contributed capital, therefore no negative financial imbalance is evident that justifies an upward adjustment of the tariffs charged in the execution of the contract for service provision. Elements extraneous to those established in the law, always referring to the assets, not to contractual conditions, except those stipulated by special law, cannot be considered to authorize the application of depreciation methods different from those provided via regulations.
Therefore, this Collegiate Tribunal agrees that the benefit must be established by law; it cannot be granted by way of interpretation. The plaintiff accuses the Tax Administration of violating the principle of equality by granting unequal treatment and authorizing accelerated depreciation of assets according to the contract terms to other companies in the same circumstances as its own. It cites as an example what is established in article 45 of the Public Works Concessions Law (Ley de Concesiones de Obras Públicas) No. 7762 and Law No. 7200, which Authorizes Autonomous or Parallel Electricity Generation (Ley que autoriza la Generación Eléctrica Autónoma o Paralela), in its Chapter II, articles 5, 6, 12, and 22. To address the plaintiff's arguments, the norms cited by the plaintiff are brought forward. Law No. 7762 of 04/14/1998, General Public Works Concession with Public Services Law (Ley General de Concesión de Obras Públicas con Servicios Públicos), establishes in its second chapter the Economic Regime of the Contract, specifically article 45 imposing the Tax treatment of the concessionaire's expenditures, which states: "1) The expenditures that the concessionaire actually makes for new construction works or for the rehabilitation, expansion, improvement, restoration of pre-existing or new works, and that have a useful life of more than one year, must be capitalized for tax purposes and may be depreciated or amortized during the remaining term of the contract.
These expenditures shall include the indemnities payable for expropriations. 2) The concessionaire may amortize or depreciate said expenditures from the time they are made until the end of the contract; for this purpose, it shall use accepted fiscal methods. 3) The amortization or depreciation to be carried out on the expenditures may be done following the methods accepted by the International Accounting Standards and for the period from the time said expenditures are actually made until the end of the concession. Likewise, accelerated depreciation may be opted for, up to one third of the remaining term of the concession. However, once the concessionaire has opted for a depreciation method for a specific expenditure, this may not be modified until the end of the concession. The concessionaire may annually revalue these assets. For these purposes, it must use acceptable accounting methods." For its part, Law No. 7200 of 09/28/1990, Law that Authorizes Autonomous or Parallel Electricity Generation (Ley que Autoriza la Generación Eléctrica Autónoma o Paralela), states in its Article 22 - Term of the contracts: "The electricity purchase and sale contracts may not have a term longer than twenty years, and the assets of the operating power plant must be transferred, free of cost and encumbrances, to ICE at the end of the contract term." It attaches to its argument a notarially certified copy of resolution TFA-85-P-2007 from the First Chamber of the Administrative Fiscal Tribunal (Sala Primera del Tribunal Fiscal Administrativo) issued at eight o'clock on March 20, 2007.
From the analysis carried out of the cited regulations and the resolution issued by the administrative head, this Chamber of judges concludes that the alleged defect does not exist and the claim is rejected. It must be noted that from a simple reading of the transcribed legal norms, they grant a benefit to their contractors, the first one more expressly and clearly by establishing that from the expenditures the contractor makes regarding the contract's object, it may, for tax purposes, apply depreciation over the remaining term of the contract; the second legal body imposes that the assets at the end of the contract will be transferred to the State free of cost and encumbrances, a legal norm that provides support for Administrative resolution 85-P-2007, which establishes (folio 117): "Note that the petitioner is in a similar situation to the referenced offices, therefore the vital issue for resolving the present case is the fact that, in accordance with article 22 of Law 7022 and its amendments, the assets will be transferred to (...) therefore there is no other term other than the contract term, the period that the taxpayer will have to depreciate the (...)" Although some other aspects are considered in the administrative resolution, the core reason that decides the Tax Administration is the legal norm that establishes a condition granting a benefit to the company contracting under said law and in express application of the cited article 22.
Regarding the Principle of Equality, the national jurisprudence on this: "The principle of equality, contained in Article 33 of the Political Constitution, does not imply that in all cases, equal treatment must be given regardless of possible differentiating elements of legal relevance that may exist; or what is the same, not every inequality necessarily constitutes discrimination. Equality, as this Chamber has stated, is only violated when the inequality is devoid of an objective and reasonable justification. But in addition, the cause justifying the act considered unequal must be evaluated in relation to its purpose and effects, such that there must necessarily exist a reasonable relationship of proportionality between the means employed and the purpose itself. That is to say, equality must be understood based on the circumstances present in each specific case in which it is invoked, such that the universal application of the law does not prohibit contemplating different solutions for different situations, with diverse treatment.
All of the above means that equality before the law cannot imply material equality or real and effective economic equality." Vote 1998-5797, of 4:18 p.m. on August 11, 1998. Constitutional Chamber (Sala Constitucional). In addition to the transcribed excerpt, and essential in this ruling, is to indicate that tax matters are reserved to law, according to articles 5, 61, 62, and 64 of the Code of Tax Rules and Procedures (Código de Normas y Procedimientos Tributarios) which establish the legal dispensation of the tax obligation, the conditions and requirements demanded, as well as the validity of said exemption, so only by law can exemptions, reductions, or benefits be granted, as is the case with the cited laws, not for the plaintiff company Nombre722 S y C S.A., which intends that a benefit be granted to it through an interpretive route lacking support from a legal norm, which is contrary to what is provided in article 6 of the Tax Code (Código Tributario) which expressly prohibits the creation of tributes or exemptions through analogical interpretation.
As a corollary to the foregoing, there is no violation of the stated principle, since official communication SRCST- 711-2013 clearly indicates in its reasoning (criteria 497-2013) that as the application of an accelerated depreciation method that would align the useful life of the assets with the contract term was not contemplated in favor of Nombre722 S y C S.A. through a legal norm, it must adhere to the provisions of the Income Tax Law (Ley del Impuesto Sobre la renta) and its regulations. In relation to the reasoning of the act regarding the impact on tariffs, the plaintiff accuses this statement of being spurious and reckless as no evidence exists to support it, since the review of the tariffs that Nombre722 charges for its services is not subject to the depreciation that the company applies to its assets, but to the price review in administrative contracting. In analyzing such arguments, they are not acceptable.
Contrary to what is stated by the plaintiff, from the contract signed between the parties, it is evident in the third paragraph of clause 9.4, referring to the updating of tariffs (folio 25 of the administrative file), that it establishes that the methodology considered in the special procedure must contemplate all those costs and expenses directly involved in the provision of the service that is the object of the contract, and that affect the economic-financial balance of the contract. Which clearly reflects that the intended depreciation would indeed have a direct influence on the costs reported by the company in providing the service; article 8 of the Income Tax Law (Ley del Impuesto sobre la renta) itself establishes what the deductible expenses are, among these, depreciation. In the specific case, if the intended depreciation were allowed, it would be deductible as an expense and taken into account to determine the cost of the service provided by Nombre722, and this, analyzed for determining a potential tariff readjustment.
Therefore, the reasoning of the act in this regard is not reckless but considers the technical aspects that the authorization of the accelerated depreciation sought by Nombre722 S y C S.A. would impact. This Panel of judges must mention that the citation in said administrative act of Decree 30185-MOPT constitutes an error, as it was repealed by Executive Decree (Decreto Ejecutivo) No. 30573, but this does not cause the nullity of the act, because the reasoning given regarding the tariffs is independent of whatever methodology is used or established, since the costs of the service for the tariff review must always be considered within such calculations, a cost that includes the expenses incurred by the company for the provision of the Service, which is also supported by the evidence provided in folios 225 to 245, the Report from the Infrastructure Services Audit Area of the Comptroller General of the Republic (Informe del Área de Fiscalización de Servicios de Infraestructura de la Contraloría General de la República), which concludes that there is not sufficient evidence to demonstrate a financial imbalance in the contract that justifies the increase in tariffs for the services provided by Nombre722 in the execution of the contract, for which the depreciation policy for assets was assessed as evident (folio 244) in subsections j) and k), which was assumed in the first ten years of the contract, and that by the nature of the service it will not have to invest in buildings and lands but only in their maintenance, as well as the increase in the accounts for buildings and lands, the application of asset revaluation and its direct effect as an equity increase, and in subsection l) it is mentioned that according to the depreciation periods established for the company's assets, at the end of the concession, they will have exhausted their useful life.
All of the foregoing makes it clear that any analysis carried out to determine a tariff readjustment to guarantee the financial balance of the contract between Nombre722 and the State must necessarily involve a review of the costs of the service provided, which are composed of the expenses incurred by the company. Regarding the plaintiff's last argument, concerning the incorrect technical reasoning of the formal denegatory action, which according to its criteria violates article 16 of the General Public Administration Law (Ley General de la Administración Pública) by confusing economic life with useful life, a distinction that the College of Accountants (Colegio de Contadores) explains clearly, and that in this case the assets can continue to be exploited is because they have a determined economic life, and it extends beyond the useful life that those assets have for Nombre722; it asserts that the useful life of the assets in this case is limited to July 15, 2022, by express provision of the Concession Contract signed with the State.
Such a position is not shared by this Panel of Judges. The plaintiff, in support of its thesis, refers to keeping its accounting books in accordance with the internal regulations of the Tax Administration, its accounting is compliant with its technical recommendations, in application of the International Accounting Standards, which are endorsed by the College of Accountants of Costa Rica (Colegio de Contadores de Costa Rica), and from which it is evident that the useful life of the assets would end with the contract, because these assets must be transferred to the State at the end of the legal transaction. In support of its thesis, it presents an accounting expert report, which is presented in the oral and public hearing by the professional who prepared it, Ms. María Cecilia Moreira Salas, certified public accountant, who states that the International Financial Reporting Standard IAS 16 establishes the useful life of the asset is the period of use, it is the time the asset is used, unlike economic life, which is as long as the asset is productive.
She affirms that in the case of Nombre722, the value of the assets at the end of the contract must be zero because they will be donated at the end of it, therefore for the company they will not be useful, so from an accounting point of view, accelerated depreciation is appropriate as requested. In the sub-examine, the plaintiff is correct that the applicable regulation is article 8, subsection f) of the Income Tax Law (Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta), which establishes depreciation as a deductible expense for the calculation of net income, and this is determined to compensate for the wear, deterioration, or economic, functional, or technological obsolescence of the tangible assets producing the income. This clearly shows that the calculation of depreciation is always referred to the conditions and use of the asset based on the activity carried out by the taxpayer. The regulation also contemplates the possibility for the Tax Administration to authorize specially, technically acceptable depreciation methods, and the regulation further presupposes the possibility of applying accelerated depreciation on new assets and in companies requiring constant modernization.
The law refers to the regulatory norm, a regulatory body that in its Annex 1, point 2.5, establishes the Power of the Tax Administration to authorize other depreciation methods different from those already provided, when it is demonstrated that they are not adequate due to the characteristics, intensity of use, or other special conditions of the assets used for the activity. In the specific case, the justification provided by the plaintiff lies in the fact that the signed contract was extended for ten more years, and the technical element it presents is that the useful life of the assets is contingent upon said term, since they must be donated to the State. The plaintiff must be advised that the regulations grant the Tax Administration the power to consider the taxpayer's petition, which must contain a technical element, and not a condition given to the taxpayer for its convenience. The plaintiff presents what, in its opinion, constitutes technical proof to determine that the useful life of the assets, in this case, is subordinated to the contract's term; a completely fallacious argument, because accepting it would mean conducting an analysis and considering elements extraneous to those established in the law.
It insists on defining the useful life of an asset, adding that the Administration confuses the concept with economic life; on the contrary, it is the plaintiff that repeatedly attempts to introduce technical elements different from those provided in the legal norm and developed in the regulatory norm. It accuses a violation of article 16 of the General Public Administration Law (Ley General de la Administración Pública), which is rejected; on the contrary, the reasoning of the denegatory act is based on the elements provided by the norm, by rejecting, as the plaintiff intends, that the book value of the assets at the end of the contract must be zero. Note that the plaintiff always bases its claim on a fiction, which is that at the end of the contract with the State and transferring said assets to it, these necessarily must have a value of zero, contrary to all legal logic and the technical element provided in the norm; one must not lose sight of the fact that the useful life of an asset is defined by its use, by its own conditions, and the activity carried out; in a phrase, depreciation is inherent to the asset, not to conditions extraneous to it.
Therefore, accepting the plaintiff's thesis would mean taking it as true that useful life refers to the ownership of the asset, not to its utility and conditions with respect to the activity developed with it. The plaintiff's representation makes immense efforts before this Tribunal to have definitions of the useful life of an asset, established in the International Financial Reporting Standards, accepted; however, even though they serve as a reference, in this case they are not admissible, since the law establishes the conditions for its consideration and analysis; any other provision is relegated to the supremacy of the law. Added to the above, the plaintiff demands that the accelerated depreciation of its assets at the end of the contract must be accepted upon their transfer to the State, yet it does not put forward a reason why the assets to be transferred must have a book value of zero.
The only one this Tribunal extracts is obtaining a benefit based on a premise not contemplated by law, applying accelerated depreciation to its assets; consequently, the reported expenses would be higher, and once the corresponding calculation is applied, its profit would be lower, and the income to be declared would be lower. A violation of the principle of ability to pay is claimed, which is completely baseless, since it has been determined in this proceeding that the plaintiff, on the contrary, seeks the recognition of a benefit not contemplated by law, which would generate harm to the treasury. Furthermore, it must be warned that such circumstances are not supervening; the plaintiff company knew the contractual conditions since its participation in the contracting, accepted said conditions, and even petitioned for the renewal of the contract; and once the assets are donated to the State, they may be removed from its assets, even if they do not have a book value of zero.
In addition to the above, the plaintiff makes a generic request for accelerated depreciation on its assets, without specifically indicating which assets and their conditions, their use based on the activity it carries out; it only refers to the contract extension, an element, as already stated, completely extraneous to the analysis that must be performed to consider a special method of accelerated depreciation by the Tax Administration. Consequently, the plaintiff's arguments must be rejected, as the denegatory administrative act was issued in accordance with the law.
“Sobre el motivo del acto administrativo y la normativa aplicable Alega que la normativa aplicable al caso concreto, es el inciso f del numeral 8 de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta en concordancia con el numeral 12 inciso h ) del Reglamento de la citada ley, así como el párrafo final del punto 2.5 del anexo 2 del Reglamento. Menciona que la depreciación depende de la vida útil de cada bien, lo cual por lo general depende de la naturaleza del bien, si el uso del mismo es normal o intensivo, la obsolescencia, así como las limitaciones y restricciones jurídicas para continuar explotando un bien. indica que por la norma prevee un ejercicio discrecional de la Administración que conlleva una valoración de las pruebas y justificaciones que alegue el contribuyente, y ésta discrecionalidad administrativa, debe ser ejercida conforme el numeral 16 de la Ley General de la Administración, no en forma arbitraria.
Por lo que la empresa formula su solicitud de depreciación de todos sus activos con límite al final del plazo de vigencia de su contrato en virtud de la obligación contractual que tiene de donar esos activos al Estado al concluir el contrato. Acusa que que la Administración Tributaria viola el principio de capacidad contributiva, lo cual se evidencia al tener que pagar Nombre722 impuestos sobre su capital. Señala que cumple con las obligaciones de llevar sus registros financieros contables y conforme las normas Internacionales de Contabilidad adoptadas en Costa Rica desde el año de 1999, realiza un análisis del NIC 16, y aporta prueba documental pericial y allega al proceso la declaración de la perito. Ataca la motivación del acto, en concreto en lo que denomina las cuatro razones en que se funda la Administración Tributaria para el rechazo de su gestión. La pretensión de la parte actora en sede administrativa, como en esta sede judicial, solicitando la nulidad del acto denegatorio, es que se le permita aplicar un método de depreciación acelerada sobre sus activos, diferente a los contemplados en el Reglamento de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la renta y su justificación ha sido que dicha vida útil debe ajustarse al término del contrato 15 de julio de 2022, pues es a partir de la prórroga del contrato que surge el hecho que obliga a la Administración Tributaria a su petición.
No se comparten tales manifestaciones ni pretensiones. Como primer elemento pretende la accionante, otorgar un efecto Tributario a la prórroga del contrato que no tiene. De suprema importancia resulta lo dispuesto en el numeral 8 inciso f) en el que se contemplan las condiciones de la depreciación y es dirigida a compensar el desgaste, deterioro, o la obsolescencia económica, funcional o tecnológica de los bienes tangibles propiedad del contribuyente productores de rentas gravadas, así como la depreciación de las mejoras con carácter permanente. También presupuesta la norma la posibilidad de que la Administración Tributaria acepte la aplicación de métodos especiales de depreciación técnicamente aceptables, para casos justificados por el contribuyente, así como podrá autorizarse métodos de depreciación acelerada sobre activos nuevos adquiridos para actividades que requieren constante modernización, se impone además que el reglamento determina los porcentajes por concepto de depreciación de la vida útil del bien, para lo cual se toma en cuenta la naturaleza del bien y la actividad económica en la cual se utiliza.
El anexo 1 del reglamento, punto 2.5. establece dos métodos de depreciación, línea recta o suma de los dígitos de los años, lo anterior tomando como base la vida útil estimada en años. No obstante pueden autorizarse otros métodos de depreciación diferente, cuantos se demuestren que los dispuestos no resulten adecuados a las características, intensidad de uso u otras condiciones especiales de los bienes empleados en el negocio o actividad. De la lectura de las normas legales y reglamentarias transcritas, es absolutamente contundente que la depreciación de un activo tiene su fundamento en las condiciones propias del mismo, no del negocio jurídico en los cuales se vean éstos involucrados. No puede allegarse a otra conclusión de la revisión en detalle de la normas, que la aplicación de una depreciación acelerada que finalmente se convierte en un beneficio para la empresa al incidir la misma en los gastos deducibles y una injerencia directa respecto a la determinación de la renta neta, debe estar dispuesta por norma de rango legal, como todos los beneficios que se otorguen en materia Tributaria.
De lo transcrito, se extrae en todos los presupuestos un común denominador, sin importar si aplican los métodos reconocidos u otros diferentes autorizados por la Administración Tributaria por las condiciones especiales, que la depreciación va referida siempre a las condiciones del bien, nunca a otras ajenas como lo pretende el actor. No encuentra este Tribunal fundamento jurídico que ampare la pretensión de la parte actora, menos aún la afirmación que realiza, que al haberse prorrogado el contrato por diez años más, lleva implícita la obligación de la Administración Tributaria a reconocer un beneficio inexistente, manifestación ésta última que carece por completo de asidero fáctico, como lo menciona el acto administrativo cuestionado 711-2013, que tal beneficio no se encuentra plasmado en el contrato, lo cual no se traduce, que si así fuera, deberá reconocerse el mismo, empero, al no haberse incluido cláusula contractual alguna, respecto al tema, derriba la conclusión fáctica que presenta la actora (folio 190) " y este derecho a depreciar sus activos de esa forma, surgió desde el momento en que la Administración Contratante decidió prorrogar el plazo del Contrato por diez años adicionales.
Con esta decisión, se levantó la condición suspensiva que el Contrato contenía respecto de la obligación de la empresa contratista de donar todos sus activos a favor del Estado al final del plazo." Además como bien lo afirma la Administración Tributaria, sería dar cabida a una ficción, al pretender se le autorice un método diferente de depreciación de los bienes, no por su naturaleza, uso y condiciones, sino por motivos ajenos a éstos, disposiciones contractuales como las que aquí se alegan. Llama la atención de este Colegio de Jueces la posición de la empresa actora, presentando al parecer que al traspasar sus bienes al Estado al término del contrato, se le coloca en condición de desventaja, lo cual no tiene fundamento alguno, desde el inicio el mismo en el año de 2001 conocía las condiciones del Contrato, y los efectos de la eventual prórroga del mismo, lo demuestra que no una fue condición que ignoraba o creará desventaja, de la prueba aportada a los autos se desprende que de forma inicial la prórroga del contrato fue rechazada y en conocimiento de recurso de apelación formulado por la propia parte actora, se concedió la prórroga del mismo, y a mayor abundamiento, tal posición se desvirtúa con el Informe practicado por el Área de Fiscalización de Servicio de Infraestructura de la Contraloría General de la República, que al valorar una petición de alza en las tarifas de Nombre722, determina que del año 2001 al 2011 se han generado cuantiosas rentas económicas para Nombre722, concluyendo que sus propietarios han recuperado 7.16 % veces el capital aportado, por lo cual no se evidencia desequilibrio financiero negativo que justifique un ajuste a la alza de las tarifas cobradas en la ejecución del contrato para la prestación del servicio.
No pueden considerarse para autorizar la aplicación de métodos de depreciación diferente a los dispuestos vía reglamentaria, elementos ajenos a los establecidos en la ley, siempre referidos a los bienes, no a las condiciones contractuales, excepto aquellos que por ley especial así se disponga. Por lo que coincide este Tribunal Colegiado en que el beneficio debe estar establecido por ley, no puede acogerse por vía de interpretación. Se acusa por la accionante, violación al principio de igualdad por parte de la Administración Tributaria, al otorgar un trato desigual y autorizar depreciaciones aceleradas de activos conforme el plazo de los contratos a otras empresas en las mismas circunstancias que las suyas, cita como ejemplo lo establecido en el numeral 45 de la Ley de Concesiones de Obras Públicas N° 7762 y 7200 Ley que autoriza la Generación Eléctrica Autónoma o Paralela, en su capítulo II, numerales 5, 6, 12 y 22.
A fin de atender los argumentos de la parte actora, se hace llegar las normas citadas por el accionante. La Ley N °7762 del 14/04/1998, Ley General de Concesión de Obras Públicas con Servicios Públicos establece en su capítulo segundo lo relativo al Régimen Económico del Contrato, en concreto el ordinal 45 impone el Tratamiento tributario de las erogaciones del concesionario que indica: "
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