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Res. 00022-2009 Tribunal de Trabajo Sección II · Tribunal de Trabajo Sección II · 2009
OutcomeResultado
The administrative resolution is partially revoked; the right to the survivor's pension is granted on the condition that the applicant waives the Gracia pension she already receives.Se revoca parcialmente la resolución administrativa; se concede el derecho a la pensión sucesoria condicionado a que la solicitante renuncie a la pensión de Gracia que ya percibe.
SummaryResumen
The Labor Court, Section II, heard an improper hierarchical appeal filed by the daughter of a deceased pensioner, who sought recognition of the survivor's pension under Law 2248 (National Teachers' Pensions and Retirements Law). Although the appellant was of legal age at her mother's death, she proved a disability from birth. The Court found that, despite the fact that the survivor's right had already been granted to her brother under equal conditions and consolidated case law held that benefits were exclusive once assigned, this case presented very special circumstances. The appellant's disability prevented her from timely claiming the benefit, so she could not be treated the same as a person without a disability, which would constitute discrimination and a violation of Law 7600 (Equal Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities). The legal system was integrated by suspending the statute of limitations in her favor. However, it was concluded that she could not simultaneously receive the Teachers' pension and the Gracia pension she already had, as the latter constitutes incompatible personal resources. The administrative resolution was partially revoked, and the right was conditioned on an express waiver of the Gracia pension.El Tribunal de Trabajo Sección II conoció de un recurso jerárquico impropio interpuesto por la hija de una pensionada fallecida, quien solicitaba el reconocimiento de la pensión por supervivencia establecida en la Ley 2248 (Ley de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional). Aunque la recurrente era mayor de edad al momento del deceso de su madre, acreditó una discapacidad desde su nacimiento. El Tribunal determinó que, pese a que el derecho sucesorio ya había sido otorgado a su hermano en igualdad de condiciones y que la jurisprudencia consolidada sostenía la exclusión de beneficios una vez asignados, el caso presentaba circunstancias especialísimas. La discapacidad de la solicitante le impidió reclamar oportunamente el beneficio, por lo que no podía aplicarse el mismo tratamiento que a una persona sin discapacidad, so pena de discriminación y violación de la Ley 7600 (Igualdad de Oportunidades para Personas con Discapacidad). Se integró el ordenamiento jurídico suspendiendo los plazos de prescripción en su favor. No obstante, se concluyó que no podía percibir simultáneamente la pensión del Magisterio y la de Gracia que ya recibía, por ser esta última un recurso propio incompatible. Se revocó parcialmente la resolución administrativa y se condicionó el derecho a la renuncia expresa a la pensión de Gracia.
Key excerptExtracto clave
However, in the present matter, a fact was established that makes this case special and very different from the generality of cases resolved with the stated criterion. In essence, the appellant had the right, since her mother's death, to enjoy the survivor's pension due to her disability, in the same proportion as her brother [Name1]. Given that the latter passed away on October 6, 2007 (folio 14), if the conditions had been as they should be in law, the pension should now be increased with the proportion Mr. [Name2] was receiving. But the petitioner could not appear before the Public Administration due to her disability, and under these circumstances, she cannot be given the same treatment as a person whose capacity to act has not been affected by any pathology, because that would constitute odious discrimination, violating the Christian principle of social justice, and the policy of the Costa Rican State established in Law 7600 of May 29, 1996, to provide Equal Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities. Applying those rules to this case, it is concluded that the interested party cannot simultaneously receive the pensions from the National Teachers' Regime and the Gracia Regime, because the former would constitute a 'personal resource to live on' for Miss [Name2]. Thus, it is resolved: the resolution issued by the National Pensions Directorate of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security number DNP-MT-M- 995-2008 is revoked. In its place, resolution No. 1066 issued by the National Teachers’ Pension and Retirement Board, during ordinary session No. 023-2008 at 1:00 p.m. on February 26, 2008, is partially revoked as follows: the appellant or her legal representative must expressly waive, before the corresponding public offices, the Gracia Pension she receives, and her right to receive the survivor's pension from the National Teachers' Regime shall take effect from the date she is removed from the payroll as a pensioner of the other regime. In all other respects, it is affirmed.No obstante lo anterior, en el presente asunto, se constató un hecho, que hace este caso especial y muy diferente, respecto de la generalidad, en los que se ha resuelto con el criterio consignado. Se trata en esencia, de que la apelante tenía derecho desde que falleció su madre, a disfrutar de la pensión por supervivencia, con ocasión de su discapacidad, y en la misma proporción que su hermano [Nombre1]. Dado que éste último falleció el seis de octubre del dos mil siete (folio 14), si las condiciones hubieran sido las que correspondían en derecho, ahora procedería acrecentar la pensión, con la proporción que percibía el señor [Nombre2]. Pero la petente no pudo apersonarse ante la Administración Pública, por su discapacidad, y en este estado de cosas, no se le puede dar el mismo tratamiento que a una persona cuya capacidad de actuar no haya sido afectada por patología alguna, porque ello sería incurrir en una discriminación odiosa, vulneradora del principio cristiano de justicia social, y de la política del Estado costarricense, establecida en la Ley 7600, de veintinueve de mayo de mil novecientos noventa y seis, de dar Igualdad de Oportunidades a las Personas con Discapacidad. Aplicando esas reglas a este caso, se concluye que la interesada no puede percibir simultáneamente, las pensiones del Régimen del Magisterio Nacional, y la del Régimen de Gracia, porque la primera vendría a constituir un “recurso propio para vivir” de la señorita [Nombre2]. Así las cosas, se resuelve: se revoca la resolución dictada por la Dirección Nacional de Pensiones del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social número DNP-MT-M- 995-2008. En su lugar, se revoca parcialmente la resolución dictada por la Junta de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional Nº 1066, dictada en sesión ordinaria número 023-2008, de las trece horas del veintiséis de febrero del dos mil ocho, en lo que se dirá: la apelante o su representante legal deberán renunciar expresamente, ante las oficinas públicas correspondientes, a la Pensión del Gracia que ella percibe, y su derecho a percibir la pensión por sucesión, del Régimen del Magisterio Nacional, empezará a regir a partir de la fecha en que sea excluida de planillas como pensionada del otro régimen. En lo demás, se confirma.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"tratándose de un caso con circunstancias especialísimas, es justo reinvindicar los derechos de la administrada."
"Given it is a case with very special circumstances, it is right to restore the rights of the petitioner."
Considerando III
"tratándose de un caso con circunstancias especialísimas, es justo reinvindicar los derechos de la administrada."
Considerando III
"no se le puede dar el mismo tratamiento que a una persona cuya capacidad de actuar no haya sido afectada por patología alguna, porque ello sería incurrir en una discriminación odiosa, vulneradora del principio cristiano de justicia social"
"She cannot be given the same treatment as a person whose capacity to act has not been affected by any pathology, because this would constitute odious discrimination, violating the Christian principle of social justice."
Considerando VI
"no se le puede dar el mismo tratamiento que a una persona cuya capacidad de actuar no haya sido afectada por patología alguna, porque ello sería incurrir en una discriminación odiosa, vulneradora del principio cristiano de justicia social"
Considerando VI
"la interesada no puede percibir simultáneamente, las pensiones del Régimen del Magisterio Nacional, y la del Régimen de Gracia, porque la primera vendría a constituir un “recurso propio para vivir”"
"The interested party cannot simultaneously receive the pensions from the National Teachers' Regime and the Gracia Regime, because the former would constitute a 'personal resource to live on.'"
Considerando VII
"la interesada no puede percibir simultáneamente, las pensiones del Régimen del Magisterio Nacional, y la del Régimen de Gracia, porque la primera vendría a constituir un “recurso propio para vivir”"
Considerando VII
Full documentDocumento completo
**III.-** The original pensioner, mother of the petitioner herein, died on March twenty-fourth, nineteen ninety-eight (see folio 13). She received a pension under the protection of Ley 2248, of September fifth, nineteen fifty-eight (see folios 34, 124, 125, 129, and 130). Said regulatory body, in its Article 7°, establishes:
“When a retired beneficiary or one with the right to retirement dies, in accordance with the provisions of this law, the right of succession (derecho de sucesión) may be taken advantage of by the following persons, in the order indicated below, with no other procedure than that of identification:
ch) The surviving spouse.
"Article 11. The rights conceived by Article 7 of this law shall be extinguished:
**IV.-** The applicant is single (see folio 12), possesses no real estate (see folio 16), and receives no pensions from the Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social or the Poder Judicial (see folios 20, 22, 24, and 26). She is indeed a beneficiary of a pension from the Gracia regime (see folio 21), the amount of which, according to the evidence gathered in the case file, is not sufficient to cover the needs she has, in light of her advanced age, her illnesses, and her disability (see Social Work Report, from folios 37 to 41).
**V.-** This Tribunal has consolidated the criterion that, when the right of a person to the survivor's pension by the Régimen del Magisterio Nacional is declared, a legal situation is consolidated, namely the exclusion of other potential beneficiaries, due to their tacit acquiescence that the pension be granted to another, who is in an equal position of right to obtain the survivor's pension (pensión por supervivencia). It has also been considered that in none of the scenarios of the transcribed numerals of Ley 2248 is it established that the right of succession (derecho de sucesión) – once granted in favor of one or more beneficiaries exhaustively determined in the article transcribed above and in a manner excluding others – can be transferred to other relatives of the deceased, once the person(s) who had been receiving the retirement benefit has/have been excluded as beneficiary(ies). The foregoing, bearing in mind that the right to the survivor's pension benefit is not transferable from the deceased through the successor who has the best right to access it, because it was a declaratory right, not a constitutive one, and in such a circumstance, it is not legally possible to issue a declaration of a derived right.
**VI.-** Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the present matter, a fact was verified that makes this case special and very different from the generality of those resolved with the criterion set forth. In essence, the appellant had the right, since her mother died, to enjoy the survivor's pension, on the occasion of her disability, and in the same proportion as her brother [Nombre1]. Given that the latter died on October sixth, two thousand seven (folio 14), if the conditions had been those corresponding under law, it would now be appropriate to accrete the pension with the proportion that Mr. [Nombre2] was receiving. But the petitioner could not appear before the Public Administration due to her disability, and in this state of affairs, she cannot be given the same treatment as a person whose capacity to act has not been affected by any condition, because that would be to incur odious discrimination, violating the Christian principle of social justice, and the policy of the Costa Rican State, established in Ley 7600, of May twenty-ninth, nineteen ninety-six, to give Equality of Opportunities to Persons with Disabilities. Specifically, regarding the matter submitted for study, the rules of this regulation apply, which provide: the public interest in the comprehensive development of persons with disabilities; equality of access to their full participation in society and to enjoy its resources; the obligation of society, and thus, of the Public Sector, to adjust information on services and administered parties' rights to their needs, so that they may have knowledge of them; the guarantee of the full exercise of their rights, so that they achieve their maximum comprehensive development; and the elimination of any type of discrimination, establishing the legal and material bases that make the equalization of opportunities real (Articles 1, 2, and 3 of Ley 7600).
**VII.-** Now then, given that the petitioner receives a Gracia pension, it must be assessed whether or not she has the right to maintain it, considering her personal situation, which makes her entitled to the payment of a survivor's pension from the Régimen Jubilatorio del Magisterio Nacional. The General Pensions Law (Ley General de Pensiones), No. 14 of December second, nineteen thirty-five, establishes the characteristics of Gracia pensions, namely, that they are charged to the National Treasury, and that they are granted to persons who reliably demonstrate the following: that they lack their own resources to live on and lack relatives obligated to provide them support (alimentos), who are capable of attending to that provision; that they are honest and of good character; that they have lost their mental faculties or their capacity to work; and that the services of their own or of their relatives on which they base their application were effectively rendered to the Nation (Articles 1, 2, and 3 of Ley Nº 14). Applying those rules to this case, it is concluded that the interested party cannot simultaneously receive the pensions from the Régimen del Magisterio Nacional and the Régimen de Gracia, because the former would come to constitute "own resources to live on" for Miss [Nombre2].
**VIII.-** This being the case, it is resolved: the resolution issued by the Dirección Nacional de Pensiones del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social number DNP-MT-M- 995-2008 is revoked. In its place, the resolution issued by the Junta de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional No. 1066, issued in ordinary session number 023-2008, at thirteen hours on February twenty-sixth, two thousand eight, is partially revoked, in what shall be stated: the appellant or her legal representative must expressly renounce, before the corresponding public offices, the Gracia Pension that she receives, and her right to receive the survivor's pension from the Régimen del Magisterio Nacional shall begin to take effect from the date on which she is excluded from payrolls as a pensioner of the other regime. In all other respects, it is confirmed. To avoid delays, it is clarified that the acts of execution of this resolution do not require approval by the Dirección Nacional de Pensiones.” In all other respects, it is affirmed. To avoid delays, it is clarified that the enforcement actions of this resolution do not require approval by the Dirección Nacional de Pensiones.”
“III.- La pensionada originaria, madre de la aquí petente, falleció el veinticuatro de marzo de mil novecientos noventa y ocho (ver folio 13). Ella percibía una pensión, bajo el amparo de la Ley 2248, de cinco de setiembre de mil novecientos cincuenta y ocho (ver folios 34, 124, 125, 129 y 130). Dicho cuerpo normativo, en su artículo 7°, establece:
“ Cuando falleciere un beneficiario jubilado o con derecho a la jubilación, de conformidad con las disposiciones de la presente ley, el derecho de sucesión podrá ser aprovechado por las siguientes personas, en el orden que a continuación se indica, sin otro trámite que el de identificación:
a)El cónyuge supérstite en concurrencia con los hijos.
b)Los hijos solamente.
ch) El cónyuge supérstite.
"artículo 11. Los derechos concebidos por el artículo 7 de esta ley, se extinguirán:
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