← Environmental Law Center← Centro de Derecho Ambiental
Exp. 25-033926-0007-CO
OutcomeResultado
The municipal resolution authorizing the land-use change was annulled, and prior technical and environmental studies were ordered.Se anuló la resolución municipal que autorizó el cambio de uso del suelo y ordenó estudios técnicos y ambientales previos.
SummaryResumen
Neighbors filed an amparo challenging a resolution by the Municipal Council of La Unión that authorized changing land use from agricultural (AU-AG) to mixed commercial (CM) for two lots in a zone of high environmental fragility and aquifer recharge for the Coris springs. They argued the change contradicted the current regulatory plan, that no environmental impact assessment had ever been conducted, prior authorizations had expired, and the proposed urbanization would affect water quality and availability. They documented at least 66 springs in the area, some located on the properties themselves. The Constitutional Chamber, in ruling 2025-006317, granted the amparo, finding the municipality failed to conduct required technical environmental studies, did not prove the continuity of prior permits or the validity of the public interest declaration, and that authorizing the land-use change without proper analysis violated the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment and the precautionary principle. The Court annulled the municipal resolution and ordered the municipality to carry out the necessary technical and environmental impact studies before any future authorization.Vecinos interpusieron recurso de amparo contra una resolución del Concejo Municipal de La Unión que autorizó el cambio de uso del suelo de agrícola agropecuario (AU-AG) a comercial mixto (CM) para dos lotes en una zona de alta fragilidad ambiental y recarga acuífera de los manantiales de Coris. Alegaron que el cambio de uso era contrario al plan regulador vigente, que nunca se realizó evaluación de impacto ambiental, que las autorizaciones previas carecían de vigencia, y que la urbanización propuesta afectaría la calidad y disponibilidad del recurso hídrico. Documentaron que la zona alberga al menos 66 manantiales y que algunas nacientes se encuentran dentro de los propios terrenos. La Sala Constitucional, en sentencia 2025-006317, declaró con lugar el recurso, señalando que la municipalidad no realizó el necesario estudio técnico ambiental, no acreditó la continuidad de las autorizaciones previas ni la vigencia de la declaratoria de interés público, y que la autorización de cambio de uso sin los debidos análisis viola el derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado y el principio precautorio. La Sala anuló la resolución municipal y ordenó a la municipalidad realizar los estudios técnicos y de impacto ambiental necesarios antes de cualquier futura autorización.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Nevertheless, this Chamber has verified that the Municipal Council of La Unión, when granting the request, did not carry out the necessary technical environmental study to determine whether the land-use change and housing construction were appropriate, given the fragility of the aquifer recharge zone and an area where the existence of multiple springs has been documented. It was not demonstrated that prior authorizations remained valid or that the public interest declaration was still in force... In the Chamber's view, authorizing a land-use change without the proper analyses and without the corresponding environmental impact assessment, in a zone of high environmental sensitivity and spring recharge, constitutes a violation of the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. The respondent Municipality did not prove compliance with the environmental protection duties imposed by Articles 50 of the Constitution and 24.I of the Organic Environmental Law.Sin embargo, se ha constatado por esta Sala que el Concejo Municipal de La Unión, al autorizar la solicitud, no realizó el necesario estudio técnico ambiental para establecer si procedía autorizar el cambio de uso del suelo y la construcción de viviendas, frente a la fragilidad de la zona de recarga acuífera y en una zona donde se ha documentado la existencia de múltiples manantiales. No se acreditó que las autorizaciones previas mantuvieran su vigencia o que la declaratoria de interés público se mantuviera... En criterio de esta Sala, la autorización de un cambio de uso del suelo sin los debidos análisis y sin el correspondiente estudio de impacto ambiental, en una zona de alta sensibilidad ambiental y de recarga de manantiales, constituye una violación del derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. La Municipalidad recurrida no acreditó haber cumplido con las obligaciones de tutela ambiental que le imponen los artículos 50 de la Constitución y 24.I de la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"En criterio de esta Sala, la autorización de un cambio de uso del suelo sin los debidos análisis y sin el correspondiente estudio de impacto ambiental, en una zona de alta sensibilidad ambiental y de recarga de manantiales, constituye una violación del derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado."
"In the Chamber's view, authorizing a land-use change without the proper analyses and without the corresponding environmental impact assessment, in a zone of high environmental sensitivity and spring recharge, constitutes a violation of the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment."
Considerando
"En criterio de esta Sala, la autorización de un cambio de uso del suelo sin los debidos análisis y sin el correspondiente estudio de impacto ambiental, en una zona de alta sensibilidad ambiental y de recarga de manantiales, constituye una violación del derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado."
Considerando
"La Municipalidad recurrida no acreditó haber cumplido con las obligaciones de tutela ambiental que le imponen los artículos 50 de la Constitución y 24.I de la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente."
"The respondent Municipality did not prove compliance with the environmental protection duties imposed by Articles 50 of the Constitution and 24.I of the Organic Environmental Law."
Considerando
"La Municipalidad recurrida no acreditó haber cumplido con las obligaciones de tutela ambiental que le imponen los artículos 50 de la Constitución y 24.I de la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente."
Considerando
Full documentDocumento completo
**EXPEDIENT 25-033926-0007-CO** **DESCRIPTOR**: ACTION OF UNCONSTITUTIONALITY If the control of constitutionality corresponds to the full Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice, by mandatory provision of Article 10 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law, a Chamber constituted as provided for in this Law shall hear and decide this action.
In the process of Action of Unconstitutionality brought by [Name 1], bearer of identity card number 0-000-000, and [Name 2], bearer of identity card number 0-000-000, against Article 5 and Transitory II of Executive Decree No. 34107-MP-MIVAH-S-MEIC-TUR entitled “Regulation for the Preparation of Environmental Management Programs (PGAs) in Article 70 bis of the Urban Planning Law” (hereinafter “Executive Decree 34107”), published in La Gaceta No. 110 of 7 June 2007; against Article 5 of Executive Decree No. 25721-MP-MIVAH-S-MEIC-TUR; and against Article V of Executive Decree No. 31849-MINAE-S-MOPT-MAG-MEIC published in La Gaceta No. 206 of 26 October 2004. The actions were accumulated. The claimants state that the challenged norms violate Article 50 paragraphs 1 and 2, Articles 129 and 191 of the Political Constitution.
Redacted at San José, at nine hours and nine minutes on the eighth of October of two thousand and five.
**Case Opened** **I.** - A single copy. (File OPS-2005- 130)
**EXPEDIENT 25-033926-0007-CO** **DESCRIPTOR**: ACTION OF UNCONSTITUTIONALITY If the control of constitutionality corresponds to the full Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice, by mandatory provision of Article 10 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law, a Chamber constituted as provided for in this Law shall hear and decide this action.
In the process of Action of Unconstitutionality brought by [Name 1], bearer of identity card number 0-000-000, and [Name 2], bearer of identity card number 0-000-000, against Article 5 and Transitory II of Executive Decree No. 34107-MP-MIVAH-S-MEIC-TUR entitled “Regulation for the Preparation of Environmental Management Programs (PGAs) in Article 70 bis of the Urban Planning Law” (hereinafter “Executive Decree 34107”), published in La Gaceta No. 110 of 7 June 2007; against Article 5 of Executive Decree No. 25721-MP-MIVAH-S-MEIC-TUR; and against Article V of Executive Decree No. 31849-MINAE-S-MOPT-MAG-MEIC published in La Gaceta No. 206 of 26 October 2004. The actions were accumulated. The claimants state that the challenged norms violate Article 50 paragraphs 1 and 2, Articles 129 and 191 of the Political Constitution.
Redacted at San José, at nine hours and nine minutes on the eighth of October of two thousand and five.
**Case Opened** **I.** - A single copy. (File OPS-2005- 130)
Document not found. Documento no encontrado.